#include "Pin.h"

#define DEFAULT_PIN   (22) // (onboard LED)
#define OFF           (0)
#define ON            (1)
#define DELAY_MS      (200)

// function prototypes
void blink(int);

int LED_PINS[] = {23, 22, 32, 33, 25, 26, 27, 14, 12, 13};
int num_pins = sizeof(LED_PINS) / sizeof(int);

void setup() {
   //empty
}

void loop() {
  for ( int i = 0; i < num_pins; i++ ) {
    blink(LED_PINS[i]);
  }
}

void blink( int led_pin = DEFAULT_PIN ) {
  Pin pin(led_pin, Pin::Direction::OUT, OFF);
  pin = ON;
  delay(DELAY_MS);
  pin = OFF;
  delay(DELAY_MS);
}

led_a_pin_cpp_class.ino

diagram.json

#ifndef PIN_H
#define PIN_H

#include <Arduino.h>

// This is a C++ class for an Arduino digital pin
class Pin {
   public:
     enum class Direction { OUT=0, IN=1, IN_PULLUP=2 };
     // a class constructor with parameters
     Pin( int8_t pin, Direction dir=Direction::IN, bool init_value=false );
     // read the input pin
     bool read( bool force_update=true ); 
     // write the output pin
     void write( bool value, bool force_update=true );
     // toggle the output pin
     void toggle( bool force_update=true ) ;
     // assign a new value to the output pin
     void operator=(bool value);
     // set the direction of the pin
     void setDirection( Direction dir, bool init_value=false );
     // inline methods
     inline operator bool()           { return _value; }
     inline int8_t getPin()           { return _pin;   }
     inline bool   getValue()         { return _value; }
     inline Direction getDirection()  { return _dir;   }
     // the class destructor
     ~Pin() {} 

   protected:
     // initialize the GPIO pin
     void init( int8_t pin, Direction dir, bool init_value );
     // update the logic state of the GPIO pin 
     void update();
 
   private:
     int8_t     _pin;   // the GPIO pin number
     bool       _value; // the value of pin
     Direction  _dir;   // the direction of pin
};

#endif
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


Pin.h

#include "Pin.h"

// Class implementation for Pin.h

Pin::Pin( int8_t pin, Direction dir, bool init_value ) {
  init( pin, dir, init_value );
}

bool Pin::read( bool force_update ) {
  if (force_update) { update(); }
  return _value;
}

void Pin::write( bool value, bool force_update ) {
  _value = value;
  if (force_update) { update(); }
}

void Pin::toggle( bool force_update ) {
  if ( _dir == Direction::OUT ) {
     _value = !_value;
  }
  if (force_update) {
     update();
  }
}
     
void Pin::operator=(bool value) {
  write( value );
}   

void Pin::setDirection( Direction dir, bool init_value ) {
  init( _pin, dir, init_value );
}

void Pin::init( int8_t pin, Direction dir, bool init_value ) {
  _pin   = pin;
  _dir   = dir;
  _value = init_value;
  if ( _dir == Direction::OUT ) { 
    pinMode( _pin, OUTPUT );
  }
  else if ( _dir == Direction::IN ) {
    pinMode( _pin, INPUT );
  }
  else if ( _dir == Direction::IN_PULLUP ) {
    pinMode( _pin, INPUT_PULLUP );
  }
  update();
}

void Pin::update() {
  if ( _dir == Direction::OUT ) { 
    digitalWrite( _pin, _value ? true : false ) ;
    //Serial.printf( "Debug> write output: %d on pin %d\n", _value, _pin );
  }
  else {
    _value = digitalRead( _pin ) ? true : false;
    //Serial.printf( "Debug> read input: %d on pin %d\n", _value, _pin );
  }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
