#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> // Include the LiquidCrystal_I2C library

const int lm35_pin = A1; // Declare a constant integer variable lm35_pin and assign it to pin A1
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);  // Define the LCD object with I2C address 0x27, 16 columns, and 2 rows

void setup() 
{
    Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication with a baud rate of 9600
    lcd.init();          // Initialize the LCD
    lcd.backlight();     // Turn on the backlight
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // Set the cursor to the first row
    lcd.print("Temperature:"); // Print "Temperature:" on the LCD
}

void loop() 
{
    int temp_adc_val; // Declare an integer variable temp_adc_val to store the ADC value of temperature
    float temp_val; // Declare a float variable temp_val to store the temperature value in Celsius

    temp_adc_val = analogRead(lm35_pin); // Read the analog value from LM35 temperature sensor and store it in temp_adc_val
    temp_val = (temp_adc_val * 4.88);    // Convert the ADC value to equivalent voltage (in millivolts)
    temp_val = (temp_val/10);            // Convert the voltage to temperature value in Celsius (LM35 gives output of 10mV/°C)

    Serial.print("Temperature = "); // Print "Temperature = " on the serial monitor
    Serial.print(temp_val);         // Print the temperature value in Celsius on the serial monitor
    Serial.print(" Degree Celsius\n"); // Print " Degree Celsius" on the serial monitor

    // Print temperature on the LCD
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);           // Set the cursor to the second row
    lcd.print("                "); // Clear the second row on the LCD
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);           // Set the cursor to the second row
    lcd.print(temp_val, 2);        // Print the temperature value with 2 decimal places on the LCD
    lcd.print((char)223);          // Print the degree symbol (ASCII value) on the LCD
    lcd.print(" Celcius");         // Print " Celcius" on the LCD

    delay(100); // Delay for 1 second
}