/*
   7-Segment Display Test
   
   This Arduino sketch demonstrates the use of a 74HC595 shift register to control a 7-segment display.
   The display blinks the decimal point four times and then cycles through hexadecimal digits from 0 to F.

   Pin Definitions:
   - latchPin: Pin connected to the 74HC595 RCLK pin.
   - clockPin: Pin connected to the 74HC595 CLK pin.
   - dataPin: Pin connected to the 74HC595 DS pin.
   - delayTime: Delay time in milliseconds for the main loop.
   - blinkRate: Blink rate in milliseconds for the decimal point.

   Segment Patterns:
   - The segmentPatterns array holds binary patterns for displaying hexadecimal digits 0 to F and blinking the decimal point.

   Author: [Nordl3]
   Date: [12.3.24]
*/


// Pin Definitions
#define latchPin 10    // 74HC595 RCLK pin
#define clockPin 12    // 74HC595 CLK pin
#define dataPin 11     // 74HC595 DS pin
#define delayTime 1000 // Delay time in milliseconds
#define blinkRate 200  // Decimal Point blinkRate in milliseconds

// Segment patterns for digits 0 to F and decimal point blinking
const byte segmentPatterns[] = 
{
  B00000011, // 0 (0)
  B10011111, // 1 (1)
  B00100101, // 2 (2)
  B00001101, // 3 (3)
  B10011001, // 4 (4)
  B01001001, // 5 (5)
  B01000001, // 6 (6)
  B00011111, // 7 (7)
  B00000001, // 8 (8)
  B00001001, // 9 (9)
  B00010001, // A (10)
  B00000001, // B (11)
  B01100011, // C (12)
  B10000101, // D (13)
  B01100001, // E (14)
  B01110001, // F (15)
  B11111110  // . (16) (Decimal point)
};

void setup() 
{
  // Initialize pins
  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() 
{
  blinkLED(); 
  hexCounter();
  delay(delayTime); // Wait for X second
}

// Function to blink the decimal point four times
void blinkLED() 
{
  for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) 
  {
    digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, segmentPatterns[16]); // Display decimal point
    digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
    delay(blinkRate); // Wait for X seconds
    clearDisplay();   // Clear display
    delay(blinkRate); // Wait for X seconds 
  }
}

// Function to display hexadecimal characters from 0 to F
void hexCounter() 
{
  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) 
  {
    displayDigit(i); // Display current digit
  }
}

// Function to display a digit on the 7-segment display
void displayDigit(int digit) 
{
  digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, segmentPatterns[digit]); // Shift out the segment pattern for the digit
  digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
  delay(delayTime); // Wait for X second
  clearDisplay();   // Clear display
  delay(blinkRate); // Wait for X seconds
}

// Function to clear the display (turn off all segments)
void clearDisplay() 
{
  digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, B11111111); // Invert all bits to turn off segments
  digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
}