#include <Servo.h>

/* Sofia Rodriguez 300374853
11-Apr-2024
ENGR 1190 Final Practice
Exercise 1

Constraints: 
  - Don´t use "delay()" funcion. Instead, use "millis()"
  - Setup "button A" to generate a "rising edge interrupt"
  NOTE: RISING triggers when the pin goes from low to high, 
  so the interrupt will happen when the button is pressed.

Exercise 1 instructions:
1. Clicking pushbutton A will turn off all the LEDs and move the servo
  to 5° in the ISR (interrupt service routine).
2. While pushbutton B is pressed, randomly blink any of the LEDs. Note: 
  the LEDs must continuously blink while button B is pressed. There can 
  be no dead time where no leds are blinking.
3. While pushbutton C is pressed, oscillate the servo between 10°, 
  then 90°, and then 170°. Momentarily stop at each position, and:
  - Blink the red led twice while at the 10° position.
  - Blink the green led three times while at the 90° position.
  - Blink the blue led four times while at the 170° position.
  After the rotation to 170°, return the servo to 10° and keep repeating 
  the cycle while pushbutton C is pressed.
4. While pushbutton D is pressed, oscillate the servo between 35° 
  and 125°. Momentarily stop at each position, and:
  - Alternately (NOT SEQUENTIALLY) blink the red led and green 
  led twice (exact pattern: red-green-red-green-OFF.)
  - Sequentially, blink the blue led twice and then blink the 
  yellow led twice.
*/

//variables
Servo myservo;
int buttonA = 2; //Red. Note: pin 2 can detect interrupts
int buttonB = 12; //Green
int buttonC = 8; //Blue 
int buttonD = 7; //Yellow
int orangeLED = 5;
int blueLED = 6;
int redLED = 9;
int greenLED = 10;
int pin; //For task 2

void setup() {
  //setup code, to run once:

  //designate all input devices: push button pins
  pinMode(buttonA, INPUT);
  pinMode(buttonB, INPUT);
  pinMode(buttonC, INPUT);
  pinMode(buttonD, INPUT);

  //designate all output devices: 
  //LED pins
  pinMode(orangeLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(blueLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT);
  //servo motor
  myservo.attach(11);
  Serial.begin(9600);

  //attach ISR
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(2), buttonAPressed, RISING);
}

//setup delay function with millis(), called wait
void wait (unsigned long pause);

//setup blink function
void blink (int led, int reps);

// Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
// Also 1. Button A task
void buttonAPressed () {
  //moves the servo motor to 5°
  myservo.write(5);

  //turn off all the LEDs
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
  //main code, to run repeatedly:

  // 2. Buttom B task
  while (digitalRead(buttonB) == HIGH){
    //generate a random pin number from 5 to 10 (max number is exclusive)
    pin = random(5,11);
    
    //makes sure there is a LED connected to the random pin number
    if(pin == orangeLED || pin == blueLED || pin == redLED || pin == greenLED){
      //blink led once
      blink(pin,1);
    }
  }

  // 3. Button C task
  while (digitalRead(buttonC) == HIGH){

    //moves the servo motor to 10°
    myservo.write(10);
    wait(150);
    //Blink the red led twice
    blink(redLED,2);
    //Exit loop if button C is not pushed anymore
    if (digitalRead(buttonC) == LOW) break;

    //moves the servo motor to 90°
    myservo.write(90);
    wait(150);
    //Blink the green led 3 times
    blink (greenLED,3);
    //Exit loop if button C is not pushed anymore
    if (digitalRead(buttonC) == LOW) break;

    //moves the servo motor to 170°
    myservo.write(170);
    wait(150);
    //Blink the blue led 4 times
    blink(blueLED,4);
  }

  // 4. Button D task
  while (digitalRead(buttonD) == HIGH){

    //moves the servo motor to 35°
    myservo.write(35);
    wait(150);
    //Alternately blink the red led and green led twice
    blink(redLED,1);
    blink(greenLED,1);
    blink(redLED,1);
    blink(greenLED,1);
    //Exit loop if button D is not pushed anymore
    if (digitalRead(buttonD) == LOW) break;

    //moves the servo motor to 125°
    myservo.write(125);
    wait(150);
    //Sequentially, blink the blue led twice and then blink the orange led twice
    blink(blueLED,2);
    blink(orangeLED,2);
  }
}

//setup delay function with millis(), called wait
void wait (unsigned long pause){

  //capture a timestamp in variable temp
  unsigned long temp = millis();

  /* If the difference in current time and the timestamp (temp)
  is less than the required delay (pause), keep spooling the while loop.
  The while loop will exit when the difference is 0*/
  while (millis() - temp <= pause){
    //Nothing to do here :)
    //Just waiting...
  }
}

//setup blink function
void blink (int led, int reps){
  while (reps > 0){
    reps--;
    digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
    wait(150);
    digitalWrite(led, LOW);
    wait(150);
    digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
  }
}