#include <Arduino.h>

// Forward declaration of TrafficLight class
class TrafficLight;

// Base state class
class State {
public:
    virtual void handleState(TrafficLight& trafficLight) = 0;
    virtual ~State() {} // Making the base class destructor virtual
};

// Concrete state classes

class RedState : public State {
public:
    void handleState(TrafficLight& trafficLight) override;
};

class GreenState : public State {
public:
    void handleState(TrafficLight& trafficLight) override;
};

class YellowState : public State {
public:
    void handleState(TrafficLight& trafficLight) override;
};

// TrafficLight class
class TrafficLight {
private:
    State* currentState; // Pointer to the current state

public:
    TrafficLight() : currentState(nullptr) {}

    void setState(State* newState) {
        if (currentState)
            delete currentState; // Free the previous state
        currentState = newState;
    }

    void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (currentState)
                currentState->handleState(*this); // Handle the current state
        }
    }
};

// Define pin numbers for LEDs
const int RED_PIN = 13;
const int GREEN_PIN = 12;
const int YELLOW_PIN = 11;

// Define durations for each state in milliseconds
const int RED_DURATION = 8000; // 8 seconds
const int GREEN_DURATION =15000; // 15 seconds
const int YELLOW_DURATION = 5000; // 5 seconds

void RedState::handleState(TrafficLight& trafficLight) {
    // Set red light ON, green and yellow OFF
    digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, LOW);

    // Wait in this state for some time
    delay(RED_DURATION);

    // Transition to GreenState
    trafficLight.setState(new GreenState());
}

void GreenState::handleState(TrafficLight& trafficLight) {
    // Set green light ON, red and yellow OFF
    digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, LOW);

    // Wait in this state for some time
    delay(GREEN_DURATION);

    // Transition to YellowState
    trafficLight.setState(new YellowState());
}

void YellowState::handleState(TrafficLight& trafficLight) {
    // Set yellow light ON, red and green OFF
    digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, HIGH);

    // Wait in this state for some time
    delay(YELLOW_DURATION);

    // Transition to RedState
    trafficLight.setState(new RedState());
}

TrafficLight trafficLight;

void setup() {
    pinMode(RED_PIN, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(GREEN_PIN, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(YELLOW_PIN, OUTPUT);
    trafficLight.setState(new RedState()); // Start with RedState
}

void loop() {
    trafficLight.run(); // Start traffic light operation
}