#importações
from machine import Pin, I2C, PWM
from time import sleep
from pico_i2c_lcd import I2cLcd
import tm1637
import onewire, ds18x20
import dht


#inicializar o lcd e achar o endereço
i2c_bus = I2C(0, sda=Pin(22), scl=Pin(23), freq=400000)
i2c_address = i2c_bus.scan()[0]
lcd = I2cLcd(i2c_bus, i2c_address, 2, 16)

#define o pino do sensor de temp e umidade
sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(33))

#variaveis que vão carregar o valor da temperatura
tempc=0
tempf=0

#loop infinito
while True:

    #pega os dados de temperatura em celsius do dht22
    #round( n, 2) arredonda em duas casas decimais
    sensor.measure() 
    tempc = round(sensor.temperature(), 2)

    #converte a temperatura de celsius para farenheint
    #round( n, 2) arredonda em duas casas decimais
    tempf = round((tempc * 9 / 5 + 32), 2)

    #converte as variaveis de temperatura flutuante em strings
    str_tempc = str(tempc)
    str_tempf = str(tempf)

    # define os pinos dos leds
    red = Pin(12, Pin.OUT)
    green = Pin(14, Pin.OUT)
    blue = Pin(27, Pin.OUT)

    # Inicializa o BUZZER 
    buzzer_pin = Pin(32, Pin.OUT)
    buzzer = PWM(buzzer_pin)

    #condiçôes, se temperatura <=60, >60 e <=65 ou >65

    # se temperatura <=60 
    if tempc <=60:

        # leds ficam verdes, 1-desligado, 0-ligado
        red.value(1)
        green.value(0)
        blue.value(1)

        # escreve no lcd 
        #liga o lcd
        lcd.blink_cursor_on()

        #limpa o lcd
        lcd.clear()

        #escreve no lcd
        lcd.putstr("  TEMPERATURA   ")
        lcd.putstr(" ")
        lcd.putstr(str_tempc)
        lcd.putstr("C")
        lcd.putstr("   ")
        lcd.putstr(str_tempf)
        lcd.putstr("F")
        sleep(2)

        #limpa o lcd
        lcd.clear()

        #desliga o lcd
        lcd.blink_cursor_off()

    #se temperatura >60 e <=65
    if tempc > 60 and tempc <= 65:

        # leds ficam amarelos, 1-desligado, 0-ligado
        red.value(0)
        green.value(0)
        blue.value(1)

        # escreve no lcd 
        #liga o lcd
        lcd.blink_cursor_on()

        #limpa o lcd
        lcd.clear()

        #escreve no lcd
        lcd.putstr("  TEMPERATURA   ")
        lcd.putstr(" ")
        lcd.putstr(str_tempc)
        lcd.putstr("C")
        lcd.putstr("   ")
        lcd.putstr(str_tempf)
        lcd.putstr("F")
        sleep(2)

        #limpa o lcd
        lcd.clear()

        #escreve no lcd
        lcd.putstr("  TEMPERATURA   ")
        lcd.putstr("   CRITICA!!!")
        sleep(2)

        #limpa o lcd
        lcd.clear()

        #desliga o lcd
        lcd.blink_cursor_off()

    # se temperatura >65
    if tempc > 65:

        # leds ficam vermelhos, 1-desligado, 0-ligado
        red.value(0)
        green.value(1)
        blue.value(1)

        #liga o buzzer
        buzzer.duty_u16(1000) 

        #define a frequencia do buzzer 
        buzzer.freq(500)
        sleep(1)

        #escreve no lcd 
        #liga o lcd
        lcd.blink_cursor_on()

        #limpa o lcd
        lcd.clear()

        #escreve no lcd
        lcd.putstr("    ALERTA!!!   ")
        lcd.putstr("AREA EM CHAMAS!!")
        sleep(2)

        #limpa o lcd
        lcd.clear()

        #desliga o lcd
        lcd.blink_cursor_off()

        #desliga o buzzer
        buzzer.duty_u16(0)

        #desinicializa o buzzer
        buzzer.deinit()


main.py

diagram.json

import utime
import gc

from lcd_api import LcdApi
from machine import I2C

# PCF8574 pin definitions
MASK_RS = 0x01       # P0
MASK_RW = 0x02       # P1
MASK_E  = 0x04       # P2

SHIFT_BACKLIGHT = 3  # P3
SHIFT_DATA      = 4  # P4-P7

class I2cLcd(LcdApi):
    
    # Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C

    def __init__(self, i2c, i2c_addr, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.i2c_addr = i2c_addr
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([0]))
        utime.sleep_ms(20)   # Allow LCD time to powerup
        # Send reset 3 times
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(5)    # Need to delay at least 4.1 msec
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        # Put LCD into 4-bit mode
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        LcdApi.__init__(self, num_lines, num_columns)
        cmd = self.LCD_FUNCTION
        if num_lines > 1:
            cmd |= self.LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES
        self.hal_write_command(cmd)
        gc.collect()

    def hal_write_init_nibble(self, nibble):
        # Writes an initialization nibble to the LCD.
        # This particular function is only used during initialization.
        byte = ((nibble >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([1 << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        #Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([0]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        # Write a command to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                (((cmd >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                ((cmd & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        if cmd <= 3:
            # The home and clear commands require a worst case delay of 4.1 msec
            utime.sleep_ms(5)
        gc.collect()

    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        # Write data to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
        byte = (MASK_RS |
                (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                (((data >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        byte = (MASK_RS |
                (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                ((data & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))      
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        gc.collect()

pico_i2c_lcd.py

import time

class LcdApi:
    
    # Implements the API for talking with HD44780 compatible character LCDs.
    # This class only knows what commands to send to the LCD, and not how to get
    # them to the LCD.
    #
    # It is expected that a derived class will implement the hal_xxx functions.
    #
    # The following constant names were lifted from the avrlib lcd.h header file,
    # with bit numbers changed to bit masks.
    
    # HD44780 LCD controller command set
    LCD_CLR             = 0x01  # DB0: clear display
    LCD_HOME            = 0x02  # DB1: return to home position

    LCD_ENTRY_MODE      = 0x04  # DB2: set entry mode
    LCD_ENTRY_INC       = 0x02  # DB1: increment
    LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT     = 0x01  # DB0: shift

    LCD_ON_CTRL         = 0x08  # DB3: turn lcd/cursor on
    LCD_ON_DISPLAY      = 0x04  # DB2: turn display on
    LCD_ON_CURSOR       = 0x02  # DB1: turn cursor on
    LCD_ON_BLINK        = 0x01  # DB0: blinking cursor

    LCD_MOVE            = 0x10  # DB4: move cursor/display
    LCD_MOVE_DISP       = 0x08  # DB3: move display (0-> move cursor)
    LCD_MOVE_RIGHT      = 0x04  # DB2: move right (0-> left)

    LCD_FUNCTION        = 0x20  # DB5: function set
    LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT   = 0x10  # DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode)
    LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES = 0x08  # DB3: two lines (0->one line)
    LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS = 0x04  # DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font)
    LCD_FUNCTION_RESET  = 0x30  # See "Initializing by Instruction" section

    LCD_CGRAM           = 0x40  # DB6: set CG RAM address
    LCD_DDRAM           = 0x80  # DB7: set DD RAM address

    LCD_RS_CMD          = 0
    LCD_RS_DATA         = 1

    LCD_RW_WRITE        = 0
    LCD_RW_READ         = 1

    def __init__(self, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.num_lines = num_lines
        if self.num_lines > 4:
            self.num_lines = 4
        self.num_columns = num_columns
        if self.num_columns > 40:
            self.num_columns = 40
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0
        self.implied_newline = False
        self.backlight = True
        self.display_off()
        self.backlight_on()
        self.clear()
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ENTRY_MODE | self.LCD_ENTRY_INC)
        self.hide_cursor()
        self.display_on()

    def clear(self):
        # Clears the LCD display and moves the cursor to the top left corner
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CLR)
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_HOME)
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0

    def show_cursor(self):
        # Causes the cursor to be made visible
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)

    def hide_cursor(self):
        # Causes the cursor to be hidden
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)

    def blink_cursor_on(self):
        # Turns on the cursor, and makes it blink
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR | self.LCD_ON_BLINK)

    def blink_cursor_off(self):
        # Turns on the cursor, and makes it no blink (i.e. be solid)
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)

    def display_on(self):
        # Turns on (i.e. unblanks) the LCD
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)

    def display_off(self):
        # Turns off (i.e. blanks) the LCD
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL)

    def backlight_on(self):
        # Turns the backlight on.
        
        # This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        # controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        self.backlight = True
        self.hal_backlight_on()

    def backlight_off(self):
        # Turns the backlight off.

        # This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        # controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        self.backlight = False
        self.hal_backlight_off()

    def move_to(self, cursor_x, cursor_y):
        # Moves the cursor position to the indicated position. The cursor
        # position is zero based (i.e. cursor_x == 0 indicates first column).
        self.cursor_x = cursor_x
        self.cursor_y = cursor_y
        addr = cursor_x & 0x3f
        if cursor_y & 1:
            addr += 0x40    # Lines 1 & 3 add 0x40
        if cursor_y & 2:    # Lines 2 & 3 add number of columns
            addr += self.num_columns
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_DDRAM | addr)

    def putchar(self, char):
        # Writes the indicated character to the LCD at the current cursor
        # position, and advances the cursor by one position.
        if char == '\n':
            if self.implied_newline:
                # self.implied_newline means we advanced due to a wraparound,
                # so if we get a newline right after that we ignore it.
                pass
            else:
                self.cursor_x = self.num_columns
        else:
            self.hal_write_data(ord(char))
            self.cursor_x += 1
        if self.cursor_x >= self.num_columns:
            self.cursor_x = 0
            self.cursor_y += 1
            self.implied_newline = (char != '\n')
        if self.cursor_y >= self.num_lines:
            self.cursor_y = 0
        self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)

    def putstr(self, string):
        # Write the indicated string to the LCD at the current cursor
        # position and advances the cursor position appropriately.
        for char in string:
            self.putchar(char)

    def custom_char(self, location, charmap):
        # Write a character to one of the 8 CGRAM locations, available
        # as chr(0) through chr(7).
        location &= 0x7
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CGRAM | (location << 3))
        self.hal_sleep_us(40)
        for i in range(8):
            self.hal_write_data(charmap[i])
            self.hal_sleep_us(40)
        self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)

    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on.
        # If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        pass

    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off.
        # If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        pass

    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        # Write a command to the LCD.
        # It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        raise NotImplementedError

    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        # Write data to the LCD.
        # It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        raise NotImplementedError

    def hal_sleep_us(self, usecs):
        # Sleep for some time (given in microseconds)
        time.sleep_us(usecs)

lcd_api.py

"""
MicroPython TM1637 quad 7-segment LED display driver
https://github.com/mcauser/micropython-tm1637
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2016 Mike Causer
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"""

from micropython import const
from machine import Pin
from time import sleep_us, sleep_ms

TM1637_CMD1 = const(64)  # 0x40 data command
TM1637_CMD2 = const(192) # 0xC0 address command
TM1637_CMD3 = const(128) # 0x80 display control command
TM1637_DSP_ON = const(8) # 0x08 display on
TM1637_DELAY = const(10) # 10us delay between clk/dio pulses
TM1637_MSB = const(128)  # msb is the decimal point or the colon depending on your display

# 0-9, a-z, blank, dash, star
_SEGMENTS = bytearray(b'\x3F\x06\x5B\x4F\x66\x6D\x7D\x07\x7F\x6F\x77\x7C\x39\x5E\x79\x71\x3D\x76\x06\x1E\x76\x38\x55\x54\x3F\x73\x67\x50\x6D\x78\x3E\x1C\x2A\x76\x6E\x5B\x00\x40\x63')

class TM1637(object):
    """Library for quad 7-segment LED modules based on the TM1637 LED driver."""
    def __init__(self, clk, dio, brightness=7):
        self.clk = clk
        self.dio = dio

        if not 0 <= brightness <= 7:
            raise ValueError("Brightness out of range")
        self._brightness = brightness

        self.clk.init(Pin.OUT, value=0)
        self.dio.init(Pin.OUT, value=0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)

        self._write_data_cmd()
        self._write_dsp_ctrl()

    def _start(self):
        self.dio(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)

    def _stop(self):
        self.dio(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(1)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.dio(1)

    def _write_data_cmd(self):
        # automatic address increment, normal mode
        self._start()
        self._write_byte(TM1637_CMD1)
        self._stop()

    def _write_dsp_ctrl(self):
        # display on, set brightness
        self._start()
        self._write_byte(TM1637_CMD3 | TM1637_DSP_ON | self._brightness)
        self._stop()

    def _write_byte(self, b):
        for i in range(8):
            self.dio((b >> i) & 1)
            sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
            self.clk(1)
            sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
            self.clk(0)
            sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(1)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)

    def brightness(self, val=None):
        """Set the display brightness 0-7."""
        # brightness 0 = 1/16th pulse width
        # brightness 7 = 14/16th pulse width
        if val is None:
            return self._brightness
        if not 0 <= val <= 7:
            raise ValueError("Brightness out of range")

        self._brightness = val
        self._write_data_cmd()
        self._write_dsp_ctrl()

    def write(self, segments, pos=0):
        """Display up to 6 segments moving right from a given position.
        The MSB in the 2nd segment controls the colon between the 2nd
        and 3rd segments."""
        if not 0 <= pos <= 5:
            raise ValueError("Position out of range")
        self._write_data_cmd()
        self._start()

        self._write_byte(TM1637_CMD2 | pos)
        for seg in segments:
            self._write_byte(seg)
        self._stop()
        self._write_dsp_ctrl()

    def encode_digit(self, digit):
        """Convert a character 0-9, a-f to a segment."""
        return _SEGMENTS[digit & 0x0f]

    def encode_string(self, string):
        """Convert an up to 4 character length string containing 0-9, a-z,
        space, dash, star to an array of segments, matching the length of the
        source string."""
        segments = bytearray(len(string))
        for i in range(len(string)):
            segments[i] = self.encode_char(string[i])
        return segments

    def encode_char(self, char):
        """Convert a character 0-9, a-z, space, dash or star to a segment."""
        o = ord(char)
        if o == 32:
            return _SEGMENTS[36] # space
        if o == 42:
            return _SEGMENTS[38] # star/degrees
        if o == 45:
            return _SEGMENTS[37] # dash
        if o >= 65 and o <= 90:
            return _SEGMENTS[o-55] # uppercase A-Z
        if o >= 97 and o <= 122:
            return _SEGMENTS[o-87] # lowercase a-z
        if o >= 48 and o <= 57:
            return _SEGMENTS[o-48] # 0-9
        raise ValueError("Character out of range: {:d} '{:s}'".format(o, chr(o)))

    def hex(self, val):
        """Display a hex value 0x0000 through 0xffff, right aligned."""
        string = '{:04x}'.format(val & 0xffff)
        self.write(self.encode_string(string))

    def number(self, num):
        """Display a numeric value -999 through 9999, right aligned."""
        # limit to range -999 to 9999
        num = max(-999, min(num, 9999))
        string = '{0: >4d}'.format(num)
        self.write(self.encode_string(string))

    def numbers(self, num1, num2, colon=True):
        """Display two numeric values -9 through 99, with leading zeros
        and separated by a colon."""
        num1 = max(-9, min(num1, 99))
        num2 = max(-9, min(num2, 99))
        segments = self.encode_string('{0:0>2d}{1:0>2d}'.format(num1, num2))
        if colon:
            segments[1] |= 0x80 # colon on
        self.write(segments)

    def temperature(self, num):
        if num < -9:
            self.show('lo') # low
        elif num > 99:
            self.show('hi') # high
        else:
            string = '{0: >2d}'.format(num)
            self.write(self.encode_string(string))
        self.write([_SEGMENTS[38], _SEGMENTS[12]], 2) # degrees C

    def show(self, string, colon=False):
        segments = self.encode_string(string)
        if len(segments) > 1 and colon:
            segments[1] |= 128
        self.write(segments[:4])

    def scroll(self, string, delay=250):
        segments = string if isinstance(string, list) else self.encode_string(string)
        data = [0] * 8
        data[4:0] = list(segments)
        for i in range(len(segments) + 5):
            self.write(data[0+i:4+i])
            sleep_ms(delay)


class TM1637Decimal(TM1637):
    """Library for quad 7-segment LED modules based on the TM1637 LED driver.
    This class is meant to be used with decimal display modules (modules
    that have a decimal point after each 7-segment LED).
    """

    def encode_string(self, string):
        """Convert a string to LED segments.
        Convert an up to 4 character length string containing 0-9, a-z,
        space, dash, star and '.' to an array of segments, matching the length of
        the source string."""
        segments = bytearray(len(string.replace('.','')))
        j = 0
        for i in range(len(string)):
            if string[i] == '.' and j > 0:
                segments[j-1] |= TM1637_MSB
                continue
            segments[j] = self.encode_char(string[i])
            j += 1
        return segments

tm1637.py

class Speaker(OutputDevice, PinMixin):
    """
    Represents a speaker driven by a PWM pin.

    :param int pin:
        The pin that the speaker is connected to.

    :param int initial_freq:
        The initial frequency of the PWM signal in hertz. Defaults to 440.
    
    :param int initial_volume:
        The initial volume of the PWM signal. This is a value between 0 and
        1. Defaults to 0.

    :param int duty_factor:
        The duty factor of the PWM signal. This is a value between 0 and 65535.
        Defaults to 1023.

    :param bool active_high:
        If :data:`True` (the default), the :meth:`on` method will set the Pin
        to HIGH. If :data:`False`, the :meth:`on` method will set the Pin to
        LOW (the :meth:`off` method always does the opposite).
    """    
    NOTES = {
        'b0': 31, 'c1': 33, 'c#1': 35, 'd1': 37, 'd#1': 39, 'e1': 41, 'f1': 44, 'f#1': 46, 'g1': 49,'g#1': 52, 'a1': 55,
        'a#1': 58, 'b1': 62, 'c2': 65, 'c#2': 69, 'd2': 73, 'd#2': 78,
        'e2': 82, 'f2': 87, 'f#2': 93, 'g2': 98, 'g#2': 104, 'a2': 110, 'a#2': 117, 'b2': 123,
        'c3': 131, 'c#3': 139, 'd3': 147, 'd#3': 156, 'e3': 165, 'f3': 175, 'f#3': 185, 'g3': 196, 'g#3': 208, 'a3': 220, 'a#3': 233, 'b3': 247,
        'c4': 262, 'c#4': 277, 'd4': 294, 'd#4': 311, 'e4': 330, 'f4': 349, 'f#4': 370, 'g4': 392, 'g#4': 415, 'a4': 440, 'a#4': 466, 'b4': 494,
        'c5': 523, 'c#5': 554, 'd5': 587, 'd#5': 622, 'e5': 659, 'f5': 698, 'f#5': 740, 'g5': 784, 'g#5': 831, 'a5': 880, 'a#5': 932, 'b5': 988,
        'c6': 1047, 'c#6': 1109, 'd6': 1175, 'd#6': 1245, 'e6': 1319, 'f6': 1397, 'f#6': 1480, 'g6': 1568, 'g#6': 1661, 'a6': 1760, 'a#6': 1865, 'b6': 1976,
        'c7': 2093, 'c#7': 2217, 'd7': 2349, 'd#7': 2489,
        'e7': 2637, 'f7': 2794, 'f#7': 2960, 'g7': 3136, 'g#7': 3322, 'a7': 3520, 'a#7': 3729, 'b7': 3951,
        'c8': 4186, 'c#8': 4435, 'd8': 4699, 'd#8': 4978 
        }
    
    def __init__(self, pin, initial_freq=440, initial_volume=0, duty_factor=1023, active_high=True):
        
        self._pin_num = pin
        self._pwm_buzzer = PWMBuzzer(
            pin,
            freq=initial_freq,
            duty_factor=duty_factor,
            active_high=active_high,
            initial_value=None,
            )
        
        super().__init__(active_high, None)
        self.volume = initial_volume
        
    def on(self, volume=1):
        self.volume = volume
        
    def off(self):
        self.volume = 0

    @property
    def value(self):
        """
        Sets or returns the value of the speaker. The value is a tuple of (freq, volume).
        """
        return tuple(self.freq, self.volume)

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value):
        self._stop_change()
        self._write(value)

    @property
    def volume(self):
        """
        Sets or returns the volume of the speaker: 1 for maximum volume, 0 for off.
        """
        return self._volume

    @volume.setter
    def volume(self, value):
        self._volume = value
        self.value = (self.freq, self.volume)
        
    @property
    def freq(self):
        """
        Sets or returns the current frequency of the speaker.
        """
        return self._pwm_buzzer.freq
    
    @freq.setter
    def freq(self, freq):
        self.value = (freq, self.volume)
        
    def _write(self, value):
        # set the frequency
        if value[0] is not None:
            self._pwm_buzzer.freq = value[0]
        
        # write the volume value
        if value[1] is not None:
            self._pwm_buzzer.volume = value[1]

    def _to_freq(self, freq):
        if freq is not None and freq != '' and freq != 0: 
            if type(freq) is str:
                return int(self.NOTES[freq])
            elif freq <= 128 and freq > 0: # MIDI
                midi_factor = 2**(1/12)
                return int(440 * midi_factor ** (freq - 69))
            else:
                return freq
        else:
            return None

    def beep(self, on_time=1, off_time=None, n=None, wait=False, fade_in_time=0, fade_out_time=None, fps=25):
        """
        Makes the buzzer turn on and off repeatedly.
        
        :param float on_time:
            The length of time in seconds that the device will be on. Defaults to 1.

        :param float off_time:
            The length of time in seconds that the device will be off. If `None`, 
            it will be the same as ``on_time``. Defaults to `None`.

        :param int n:
            The number of times to repeat the beep operation. If `None`, the 
            device will continue beeping forever. The default is `None`.

        :param bool wait:
           If True, the method will block until the buzzer stops beeping. If False,
           the method will return and the buzzer will beep in the background.
           Defaults to False.

        :param float fade_in_time:
            The length of time in seconds to spend fading in. Defaults to 0.

        :param float fade_out_time:
            The length of time in seconds to spend fading out. If `None`,
            it will be the same as ``fade_in_time``. Defaults to `None`.

        :param int fps:
           The frames per second that will be used to calculate the number of
           steps between off/on states when fading. Defaults to 25.
        """
        self._pwm_buzzer.blink(on_time, off_time, n, wait, fade_in_time, fade_out_time, fps)

    def play(self, tune=440, duration=1, volume=1, n=1, wait=True):
        """
        Plays a tune for a given duration. 

        :param int tune:

            The tune to play can be specified as:

                + a single "note", represented as:
                  + a frequency in Hz e.g. `440`
                  + a midi note e.g. `60`
                  + a note name as a string e.g. `"E4"`
                + a list of notes and duration e.g. `[440, 1]` or `["E4", 2]`
                + a list of two value tuples of (note, duration) e.g. `[(440,1), (60, 2), ("e4", 3)]`

            Defaults to `440`.
        
        :param int volume:
            The volume of the tune; 1 is maximum volume, 0 is mute. Defaults to 1.

        :param float duration:
            The duration of each note in seconds. Defaults to 1.

        :param int n:
           The number of times to play the tune. If None, the tune will play
           forever. Defaults to 1.
    
        :param bool wait:
           If True, the method will block until the tune has finished. If False,
           the method will return and the tune will play in the background.
           Defaults to True.
        """

        self.off()

        # tune isn't a list, so it must be a single frequency or note
        if not isinstance(tune, (list, tuple)):
            tune = [(tune, duration)]
        # if the first element isn't a list, then it must be list of a single note and duration
        elif not isinstance(tune[0], (list, tuple)):
            tune = [tune]

        def tune_generator():
            for note in tune:
                
                # note isn't a list or tuple, it must be a single frequency or note
                if not isinstance(note, (list, tuple)):
                    # make it into a tuple
                    note = (note, duration)

                # turn the notes into frequencies
                freq = self._to_freq(note[0])
                freq_duration = note[1]
                freq_volume = volume if freq is not None else 0
                
                # if this is a tune of greater than 1 note, add gaps between notes
                if len(tune) == 1:
                    yield ((freq, freq_volume), freq_duration)
                else:
                    yield ((freq, freq_volume), freq_duration * 0.9)
                    yield ((freq, 0), freq_duration * 0.1)
                    
        self._start_change(tune_generator, n, wait)

    def close(self):
        self._pwm_buzzer.close()

