/****************************************************************************************************************************
FakeAnalogWrite.ino
For Arduino and Adadruit AVR 328(P) and 32u4 boards
Written by Khoi Hoang
Built by Khoi Hoang https://github.com/khoih-prog/TimerInterrupt
Licensed under MIT license
Now we can use these new 16 ISR-based timers, while consuming only 1 hardware Timer.
Their independently-selected, maximum interval is practically unlimited (limited only by unsigned long miliseconds)
The accuracy is nearly perfect compared to software timers. The most important feature is they're ISR-based timers
Therefore, their executions are not blocked by bad-behaving functions / tasks.
This important feature is absolutely necessary for mission-critical tasks.
Notes:
Special design is necessary to share data between interrupt code and the rest of your program.
Variables usually need to be "volatile" types. Volatile tells the compiler to avoid optimizations that assume
variable can not spontaneously change. Because your function may change variables while your program is using them,
the compiler needs this hint. But volatile alone is often not enough.
When accessing shared variables, usually interrupts must be disabled. Even with volatile,
if the interrupt changes a multi-byte variable between a sequence of instructions, it can be read incorrectly.
If your data is multiple variables, such as an array and a count, usually interrupts need to be disabled
or the entire sequence of your code which accesses the data.
*****************************************************************************************************************************/
/*
Notes:
Special design is necessary to share data between interrupt code and the rest of your program.
Variables usually need to be "volatile" types. Volatile tells the compiler to avoid optimizations that assume
variable can not spontaneously change. Because your function may change variables while your program is using them,
the compiler needs this hint. But volatile alone is often not enough.
When accessing shared variables, usually interrupts must be disabled. Even with volatile,
if the interrupt changes a multi-byte variable between a sequence of instructions, it can be read incorrectly.
If your data is multiple variables, such as an array and a count, usually interrupts need to be disabled
or the entire sequence of your code which accesses the data.
This example will demonstrate the nearly perfect accuracy compared to software timers by printing the actual elapsed millisecs.
Being ISR-based timers, their executions are not blocked by bad-behaving functions / tasks, such as connecting to WiFi, Internet
and Blynk services. You can also have many (up to 16) timers to use.
This non-being-blocked important feature is absolutely necessary for mission-critical tasks.
You'll see blynkTimer is blocked while connecting to WiFi / Internet / Blynk, and elapsed time is very unaccurate
In this super simple example, you don't see much different after Blynk is connected, because of no competing task is
written
*/
// These define's must be placed at the beginning before #include "TimerInterrupt.h"
// _TIMERINTERRUPT_LOGLEVEL_ from 0 to 4
// Don't define _TIMERINTERRUPT_LOGLEVEL_ > 0. Only for special ISR debugging only. Can hang the system.
#define TIMER_INTERRUPT_DEBUG 0
#define _TIMERINTERRUPT_LOGLEVEL_ 0
#if ( defined(__AVR_ATmega644__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega644A__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega644P__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega644PA__) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_UNO) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_NANO) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_MINI) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ETHERNET) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_FIO) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_BT) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_LILYPAD) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_PRO) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_NG) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_UNO_WIFI_DEV_ED) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_DUEMILANOVE) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_FEATHER328P) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_METRO) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_PROTRINKET5) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_PROTRINKET3) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_PROTRINKET5FTDI) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_PROTRINKET3FTDI) )
#define USE_TIMER_1 true
#warning Using Timer1
#else
#define USE_TIMER_3 true
#warning Using Timer3
#endif
#define LOCAL_DEBUG 1
// To be included only in main(), .ino with setup() to avoid `Multiple Definitions` Linker Error
#include "TimerInterrupt.h"
#ifndef LED_BUILTIN
#define LED_BUILTIN 13
#endif
// For PWM_Value from 0-255.You can change to 1024 or 2048
#define MAX_PWM_VALUE 256
#define MAPPING_TABLE_SIZE (MAX_PWM_VALUE / 10) + 1
// You have to calibrate and update this mapping table
float mappingTable[MAPPING_TABLE_SIZE] =
{ 0.0, 3.281, 6.860, 10.886, 15.285, 20.355, 26.096, 32.732, 40.785, 50.180,
62.557, 79.557, 104.461, 136.075, 163.066, 181.930, 195.724, 207.132, 216.228, 223.684,
230.395, 236.136, 241.206, 245.680, 249.781, 253.509
};
#define TIMER_FREQUENCY_HZ 10000UL
#define TIMER_INTERVAL_US (1000000UL / TIMER_FREQUENCY_HZ)
volatile uint32_t startMillis = 0;
// Depending on the board, you can select NRF52 Hardware Timer from NRF_TIMER_1,NRF_TIMER_3,NRF_TIMER_4 (1,3 and 4)
// If you select the already-used NRF_TIMER_0 or NRF_TIMER_2, it'll be auto modified to use NRF_TIMER_1
//ISR_Timer ISR_timer;
#define LED_TOGGLE_INTERVAL_MS 500L
#define NUMBER_ISR_TIMERS 16
void TimerHandler(void)
{
static bool toggle = false;
static uint32_t timeRun = 0;
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < NUMBER_ISR_TIMERS; i++)
{
doingSomething(i);
}
// Toggle LED every LED_TOGGLE_INTERVAL_MS = 500ms = 0.5s
if (++timeRun == ((LED_TOGGLE_INTERVAL_MS * TIMER_FREQUENCY_HZ) / 1000) )
{
timeRun = 0;
//timer interrupt toggles pin LED_BUILTIN
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, toggle);
toggle = !toggle;
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef void (*irqCallback) (void);
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef struct
{
int16_t PWM_Value; // Writing negative value to stop and free this PWM
uint16_t PWM_PremapValue; // To detect if use the same PWM_Value setting => don't do anything
uint16_t pin;
int16_t countPWM;
bool beingUsed;
} ISRTimerData;
// Avoid doing something fancy in ISR, for example Serial.print()
// The pure simple Serial.prints here are just for demonstration and testing. Must be eliminate in working environment
// Or you can get this run-time error / crash
///////////////////////////////////
volatile ISRTimerData curISRTimerData[NUMBER_ISR_TIMERS] =
{
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, false },
};
void doingSomething(int index)
{
// First check if enabled and pin != 0
if ( (curISRTimerData[index].beingUsed) && (curISRTimerData[index].PWM_Value > 0) && (curISRTimerData[index].pin != 0) )
{
// Divide the time into MAX_PWM_VALUE slots.
// PWM_Value = 0 => no digitalWrite(pin, 1)
// PWM_Value > 0 => digitalWrite(pin, 1) from countPWM = 0 to countPWM = PWM_Value
if (curISRTimerData[index].countPWM == 0)
{
if (curISRTimerData[index].PWM_Value > 0)
digitalWrite(curISRTimerData[index].pin, 1);
else
digitalWrite(curISRTimerData[index].pin, 0);
}
else if (curISRTimerData[index].countPWM == curISRTimerData[index].PWM_Value)
{
digitalWrite(curISRTimerData[index].pin, 0);
}
}
curISRTimerData[index].countPWM = (curISRTimerData[index].countPWM + 1) % MAX_PWM_VALUE;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
while (!Serial);
Serial.print(F("\nStarting FakeAnalogWrite on "));
Serial.println(BOARD_TYPE);
Serial.println(TIMER_INTERRUPT_VERSION);
Serial.print(F("CPU Frequency = ")); Serial.print(F_CPU / 1000000); Serial.println(F(" MHz"));
// Timer0 is used for micros(), millis(), delay(), etc and can't be used
// Select Timer 1-2 for UNO, 1-5 for MEGA, 1,3,4 for 16u4/32u4
// Timer 2 is 8-bit timer, only for higher frequency
// Timer 4 of 16u4 and 32u4 is 8/10-bit timer, only for higher frequency
#if USE_TIMER_1
ITimer1.init();
// Using ATmega328 used in UNO => 16MHz CPU clock ,
//if (ITimer1.attachInterruptInterval(TIMER_INTERVAL_MS, TimerHandler))
if (ITimer1.attachInterrupt(TIMER_FREQUENCY_HZ, TimerHandler))
{
Serial.print(F("Starting ITimer1 OK, millis() = ")); Serial.println(millis());
}
else
Serial.println(F("Can't set ITimer1. Select another freq. or timer"));
#elif USE_TIMER_3
ITimer3.init();
//if (ITimer3.attachInterruptInterval(TIMER_INTERVAL_MS, TimerHandler))
if (ITimer3.attachInterrupt(TIMER_FREQUENCY_HZ, TimerHandler))
{
Serial.print(F("Starting ITimer3 OK, millis() = ")); Serial.println(millis());
}
else
Serial.println(F("Can't set ITimer3. Select another freq. or timer"));
#endif
// Just to demonstrate, don't use too many ISR Timers if not absolutely necessary
// You can use up to 16 timer for each ISR_Timer
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < NUMBER_ISR_TIMERS; i++)
{
curISRTimerData[i].beingUsed = false;
curISRTimerData[i].pin = 0;
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = 0;
//ISR_Timer.setInterval(curISRTimerData[i].TimerInterval, curISRTimerData[i].irqCallbackFunc);
}
}
#define USING_MAPPING_TABLE false
void fakeAnalogWrite(uint16_t pin, uint16_t value)
{
uint16_t localValue;
#if USING_MAPPING_TABLE
uint16_t localIndex = 0;
#endif
// First check if already got that pin, then just update the PWM_Value
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < NUMBER_ISR_TIMERS; i++)
{
if ( (curISRTimerData[i].beingUsed) && (curISRTimerData[i].pin == pin) )
{
localValue = (value < MAX_PWM_VALUE) ? value : MAX_PWM_VALUE;
if (curISRTimerData[i].PWM_PremapValue == localValue)
{
#if (LOCAL_DEBUG > 0)
Serial.print(F("Ignore : Same Value for index = ")); Serial.println(i);
#endif
return;
}
else if (curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value >= 0)
{
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_PremapValue = localValue;
// Mapping to corect value
if ( ( localValue == 0) || ( localValue == MAX_PWM_VALUE - 1) )
{
// Keep MAX_PWM_VALUE
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = localValue;
}
else
{
#if USING_MAPPING_TABLE
// Get the mapping index
for (uint16_t j = 0; j < MAPPING_TABLE_SIZE; j++)
{
if ( (float) localValue < mappingTable[j])
{
localIndex = j - 1;
break;
}
}
#if (LOCAL_DEBUG > 1)
Serial.print(F("localIndex = ")); Serial.println(localIndex);
#endif
// Can use map() function
// Can use map() function
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = (uint16_t) ( (localIndex * 10 ) +
( (localValue - mappingTable[localIndex]) * 10 ) / (mappingTable[localIndex + 1] - mappingTable[localIndex]) );
#else
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = localValue;
#endif
#if (LOCAL_DEBUG > 0)
Serial.print(F("Update index = ")); Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(F(", pin = ")); Serial.print(pin);
Serial.print(F(", input PWM_Value = ")); Serial.print(value);
Serial.print(F(", mapped PWM_Value = ")); Serial.println(curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value);
#endif
}
}
else
{
curISRTimerData[i].beingUsed = false;
curISRTimerData[i].pin = 0;
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = 0;
}
// Reset countPWM
curISRTimerData[i].countPWM = 0;
return;
}
}
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < NUMBER_ISR_TIMERS; i++)
{
if (!curISRTimerData[i].beingUsed)
{
curISRTimerData[i].beingUsed = true;
curISRTimerData[i].pin = pin;
// Mapping to corect value
localValue = (value < MAX_PWM_VALUE) ? value : MAX_PWM_VALUE;
if ( ( localValue == 0) || ( localValue == MAX_PWM_VALUE - 1) )
{
// Keep MAX_PWM_VALUE
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = localValue;
}
else
{
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_PremapValue = localValue;
#if USING_MAPPING_TABLE
// Get the mapping index
for (uint16_t j = 0; j < MAPPING_TABLE_SIZE; j++)
{
if ( (float) localValue < mappingTable[j])
{
localIndex = j - 1;
break;
}
}
#if (LOCAL_DEBUG > 1)
Serial.print(F("localIndex = ")); Serial.println(localIndex);
#endif
// Can use map() function
// Can use map() function
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = (uint16_t) ( (localIndex * 10 ) +
( (localValue - mappingTable[localIndex]) * 10 ) / (mappingTable[localIndex + 1] - mappingTable[localIndex]) );
#else
curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value = localValue;
#endif
}
curISRTimerData[i].countPWM = 0;
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
#if (LOCAL_DEBUG > 0)
Serial.print(F("Add index = ")); Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(F(", pin = ")); Serial.print(pin);
Serial.print(F(", input PWM_Value = ")); Serial.print(value);
Serial.print(F(", mapped PWM_Value = ")); Serial.println(curISRTimerData[i].PWM_Value);
#endif
return;
}
}
}
#define DELAY_BETWEEN_CHANGE_MS 5000L
#define REPEAT_INTERVAL_MS 10000L
#define DIVIDER 5
void loop()
{
for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= MAX_PWM_VALUE / DIVIDER; i++)
{
// Change the pin according to board
// UNI, Nano, etc can use pins from 2-12. Pin 13 is used for LED_BUILTIN
// Mega can use many more pins, such as 22-53
#if (defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__))
fakeAnalogWrite(22, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(23, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(24, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(25, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(26, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(27, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(28, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(29, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(30, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(31, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(32, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(33, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(34, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(35, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(36, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(37, i * DIVIDER);
#else
fakeAnalogWrite( 2, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite( 3, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite( 4, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite( 5, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite( 6, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite( 7, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite( 8, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite( 9, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(10, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(11, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(12, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(A0, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(A1, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(A2, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(A3, i * DIVIDER);
fakeAnalogWrite(A4, i * DIVIDER);
#endif
#if (LOCAL_DEBUG > 0)
Serial.print(F("Test PWM_Value = ")); Serial.print(i * DIVIDER);
Serial.print(F(", max = ")); Serial.println(MAX_PWM_VALUE - 1);
#endif
delay(DELAY_BETWEEN_CHANGE_MS);
}
Serial.println(F("==================="));
delay(REPEAT_INTERVAL_MS);
}