diagram.json

import time

class LcdApi:
    
    # Implements the API for talking with HD44780 compatible character LCDs.
    # This class only knows what commands to send to the LCD, and not how to get
    # them to the LCD.
    #
    # It is expected that a derived class will implement the hal_xxx functions.
    #
    # The following constant names were lifted from the avrlib lcd.h header file,
    # with bit numbers changed to bit masks.
    
    # HD44780 LCD controller command set
    LCD_CLR             = 0x01  # DB0: clear display
    LCD_HOME            = 0x02  # DB1: return to home position

    LCD_ENTRY_MODE      = 0x04  # DB2: set entry mode
    LCD_ENTRY_INC       = 0x02  # DB1: increment
    LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT     = 0x01  # DB0: shift

    LCD_ON_CTRL         = 0x08  # DB3: turn lcd/cursor on
    LCD_ON_DISPLAY      = 0x04  # DB2: turn display on
    LCD_ON_CURSOR       = 0x02  # DB1: turn cursor on
    LCD_ON_BLINK        = 0x01  # DB0: blinking cursor

    LCD_MOVE            = 0x10  # DB4: move cursor/display
    LCD_MOVE_DISP       = 0x08  # DB3: move display (0-> move cursor)
    LCD_MOVE_RIGHT      = 0x04  # DB2: move right (0-> left)

    LCD_FUNCTION        = 0x20  # DB5: function set
    LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT   = 0x10  # DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode)
    LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES = 0x08  # DB3: two lines (0->one line)
    LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS = 0x04  # DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font)
    LCD_FUNCTION_RESET  = 0x30  # See "Initializing by Instruction" section

    LCD_CGRAM           = 0x40  # DB6: set CG RAM address
    LCD_DDRAM           = 0x80  # DB7: set DD RAM address

    LCD_RS_CMD          = 0
    LCD_RS_DATA         = 1

    LCD_RW_WRITE        = 0
    LCD_RW_READ         = 1

    def __init__(self, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.num_lines = num_lines
        if self.num_lines > 4:
            self.num_lines = 4
        self.num_columns = num_columns
        if self.num_columns > 40:
            self.num_columns = 40
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0
        self.implied_newline = False
        self.backlight = True
        self.display_off()
        self.backlight_on()
        self.clear()
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ENTRY_MODE | self.LCD_ENTRY_INC)
        self.hide_cursor()
        self.display_on()

    def clear(self):
        # Clears the LCD display and moves the cursor to the top left corner
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CLR)
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_HOME)
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0

    def show_cursor(self):
        # Causes the cursor to be made visible
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)

    def hide_cursor(self):
        # Causes the cursor to be hidden
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)

    def blink_cursor_on(self):
        # Turns on the cursor, and makes it blink
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR | self.LCD_ON_BLINK)

    def blink_cursor_off(self):
        # Turns on the cursor, and makes it no blink (i.e. be solid)
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)

    def display_on(self):
        # Turns on (i.e. unblanks) the LCD
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)

    def display_off(self):
        # Turns off (i.e. blanks) the LCD
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL)

    def backlight_on(self):
        # Turns the backlight on.
        
        # This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        # controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        self.backlight = True
        self.hal_backlight_on()

    def backlight_off(self):
        # Turns the backlight off.

        # This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        # controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        self.backlight = False
        self.hal_backlight_off()

    def move_to(self, cursor_x, cursor_y):
        # Moves the cursor position to the indicated position. The cursor
        # position is zero based (i.e. cursor_x == 0 indicates first column).
        self.cursor_x = cursor_x
        self.cursor_y = cursor_y
        addr = cursor_x & 0x3f
        if cursor_y & 1:
            addr += 0x40    # Lines 1 & 3 add 0x40
        if cursor_y & 2:    # Lines 2 & 3 add number of columns
            addr += self.num_columns
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_DDRAM | addr)

    def putchar(self, char):
        # Writes the indicated character to the LCD at the current cursor
        # position, and advances the cursor by one position.
        if char == '\n':
            if self.implied_newline:
                # self.implied_newline means we advanced due to a wraparound,
                # so if we get a newline right after that we ignore it.
                pass
            else:
                self.cursor_x = self.num_columns
        else:
            self.hal_write_data(ord(char))
            self.cursor_x += 1
        if self.cursor_x >= self.num_columns:
            self.cursor_x = 0
            self.cursor_y += 1
            self.implied_newline = (char != '\n')
        if self.cursor_y >= self.num_lines:
            self.cursor_y = 0
        self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)

    def putstr(self, string):
        # Write the indicated string to the LCD at the current cursor
        # position and advances the cursor position appropriately.
        for char in string:
            self.putchar(char)

    def custom_char(self, location, charmap):
        # Write a character to one of the 8 CGRAM locations, available
        # as chr(0) through chr(7).
        location &= 0x7
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CGRAM | (location << 3))
        self.hal_sleep_us(40)
        for i in range(8):
            self.hal_write_data(charmap[i])
            self.hal_sleep_us(40)
        self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)

    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on.
        # If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        pass

    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off.
        # If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        pass

    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        # Write a command to the LCD.
        # It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        raise NotImplementedError

    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        # Write data to the LCD.
        # It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        raise NotImplementedError

    def hal_sleep_us(self, usecs):
        # Sleep for some time (given in microseconds)
        time.sleep_us(usecs)

lcd_api.py

import utime
import gc

from lcd_api import LcdApi
from machine import I2C

# PCF8574 pin definitions
MASK_RS = 0x01       # P0
MASK_RW = 0x02       # P1
MASK_E  = 0x04       # P2

SHIFT_BACKLIGHT = 3  # P3
SHIFT_DATA      = 4  # P4-P7

class I2cLcd(LcdApi):
    
    #Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C

    def __init__(self, i2c, i2c_addr, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.i2c_addr = i2c_addr
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([0]))
        utime.sleep_ms(20)   # Allow LCD time to powerup
        # Send reset 3 times
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(5)    # Need to delay at least 4.1 msec
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        # Put LCD into 4-bit mode
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        LcdApi.__init__(self, num_lines, num_columns)
        cmd = self.LCD_FUNCTION
        if num_lines > 1:
            cmd |= self.LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES
        self.hal_write_command(cmd)
        gc.collect()

    def hal_write_init_nibble(self, nibble):
        # Writes an initialization nibble to the LCD.
        # This particular function is only used during initialization.
        byte = ((nibble >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([1 << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        #Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([0]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        # Write a command to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                (((cmd >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                ((cmd & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        if cmd <= 3:
            # The home and clear commands require a worst case delay of 4.1 msec
            utime.sleep_ms(5)
        gc.collect()

    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        # Write data to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
        byte = (MASK_RS |
                (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                (((data >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        byte = (MASK_RS |
                (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                ((data & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))      
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        gc.collect()

pico_i2c_lcd.py

from machine import I2C, Pin, PWM, ADC
from time import sleep
from pico_i2c_lcd import I2cLcd
import ds1307
import tm1637
from menu import MainMenu, SettingsMenu, SkipMenu, AlarmMenu, Game, is_weekday

#### SETUP DEVICES ####
i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(0), scl=Pin(1), freq=400000)
lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, 0x27, 2, 16)

i2c1 = I2C(1, sda=Pin(14), scl=Pin(15), freq=400000)
rtc = ds1307.DS1307(i2c1, 0x68)

sevseg = tm1637.TM1637(clk=machine.Pin(5), dio=machine.Pin(4))

buzzer = PWM(Pin(17))

joystick = (ADC(Pin(27)), ADC(Pin(26)), Pin(16, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP))

lcd.custom_char(0, bytearray([0x00, 0x08, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x08, 0x00]))

sleep(1)

#### KEYPAD ####
col_list = [6, 7, 8, 9]
row_list = [10, 11, 12, 13]

for x in range(0, 4):
    row_list[x] = Pin(row_list[x], Pin.OUT)
    row_list[x].value(1)

for x in range(0, 4):
    col_list[x] = Pin(col_list[x], Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)


key_map = [
    ["D", "#", "0", "*"],
    ["C", "9", "8", "7"],
    ["B", "6", "5", "4"],
    ["A", "3", "2", "1"],
]


def Keypad4x4Read(cols, rows):
    for r in rows:
        r.value(0)
        result = [cols[0].value(), cols[1].value(), cols[2].value(), cols[3].value()]
        if min(result) == 0:
            key = key_map[int(rows.index(r))][int(result.index(0))]
            r.value(1)  # manages key kept pressed
            return key
        r.value(1)


#### 7SEG DISPLAY + ALARM ####
def display_time(dt, blink=False, sel=0, alarm=0):
    if not sel:
        sevseg.show(f"{dt[4]:02d}{dt[5]:02d}", blink)
    else:
        alarm = [alarm // 60, alarm % 60]

        if sel == 1:  # Left side (HH)
            if blink:
                sevseg.show(f"  {alarm[1]:02d}", True)
            else:
                sevseg.show(f"{alarm[0]:02d}{alarm[1]:02d}", True)
        else:
            if blink:
                sevseg.show(f"{alarm[0]:02d}  ", True)
            else:
                sevseg.show(f"{alarm[0]:02d}{alarm[1]:02d}", True)


def play_alarm(play):
    buzzer.freq(500)

    if play % 2:
        buzzer.duty_u16(1000)
    else:
        buzzer.duty_u16(0)


#### JOYSTICK ####
CENTER = 32759


def handle_horiz():  # -1 = center, 0 = left, 1 = right
    value = joystick[0].read_u16()

    if value < (CENTER * 2 / 3):  # If is lesser than 2/3 (left)
        return 0
    elif value < (CENTER * 4 / 3):  # If is greater than 4/3 (right)
        return -1
    else:  # Otherwise (center)
        return 1


def handle_vert():  # -1 = center, 1 = down, 0 = up
    value = joystick[1].read_u16()

    if value < (CENTER * 2 / 3):
        return 1
    elif value < (CENTER * 4 / 3):
        return -1
    else:
        return 0


def handle_press():  # 0 = not pressed, 1 = pressed
    if joystick[2].value() == 1:
        return 0
    else:
        return 1


mainmenu = MainMenu(
    lcd,
    {"Skip": SkipMenu(lcd), "Settings": SettingsMenu(lcd), "Alarm": AlarmMenu(lcd)},
)

#### MAIN LOOP ####
rerender = False
colon = 0
skip_days = []
menu = mainmenu
sel_sev = 0
alarm = 420  # In seconds
mute = False

menu.draw_menu()

while True:
    dt = rtc.datetimeRTC

    curr_time = dt[4] * 60 + dt[5]
    key = Keypad4x4Read(col_list, row_list)

    if (
        alarm <= curr_time <= alarm + 60
        and f"{dt[0]}{dt[1]}{dt[2]}" not in skip_days
        and is_weekday(dt)
    ):
        if not mute:
            play_alarm(colon)
        if type(menu) is not Game:
            menu = Game(lcd)
            menu.next_question(rtc.datetimeRTC)
            menu.draw()
            mute = False
        else:
            if handle_horiz() != -1 or handle_vert() != -1 or handle_press():
                mute = True
                buzzer.duty_u16(0)
            if key is not None:
                menu.input_keys(key, dt)
            if menu.check_comp():
                skip_days.append(f"{dt[0]}{dt[1]}{dt[2]}")
                menu = mainmenu
                menu.draw_menu()
                buzzer.duty_u16(0)

    else:
        rerender = menu.handle_joystick(handle_horiz(), handle_vert())

        if type(menu) is MainMenu:
            new = menu.handle_press(handle_press())
            if new:
                menu.reset()
                menu = new
                if type(menu) is SkipMenu:
                    menu.set_skips(skip_days, f"{dt[0]}{dt[1]}{dt[2]+1}")
                menu.draw_menu()
        elif type(menu) is SkipMenu:
            info = menu.handle_press(handle_press())

            if info[0]:
                if info[1]:
                    menu.reset()
                    menu = mainmenu
                    menu.draw_menu()
                else:
                    skip_days.append(f"{dt[0]}{dt[1]}{dt[2]+1}")
                    menu.reset()
                    menu = mainmenu
                    menu.draw_menu()
        elif type(menu) is AlarmMenu:
            if not sel_sev:
                sel_sev = 1
            if rerender[0]:
                sel_sev = sel_sev % 2 + 1

            if handle_vert() == 0:
                alarm = (alarm + (5 if (sel_sev - 1) else 60)) % 1440
            elif handle_vert() == 1:
                alarm = (alarm - (5 if (sel_sev - 1) else 60)) % 1440

            if menu.handle_press(handle_press()):
                sel_sev = 0
                menu = mainmenu
                menu.draw_menu()

            rerender = False

        if rerender:
            menu.draw_menu()

    display_time(dt, colon > 3, sel_sev, alarm)
    sleep(0.25)
    colon = (colon + 1) % 8
    rerender = False


main.py

# License-Identifier: MIT

"""
DS1307 Real Time Clock driver
=============================

MicroPython library to support DS1307 Real Time Clock (RTC).

Acknowledgement: This module was derived in outline from the adafruit circuit python DS1307
real time clock library. That library was authored by Philip R. Moyer and
Radomir Dopieralski for Adafruit Industries.
See repository: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_DS1307.git

Beware the DS1307 breakout is a 5V board but many boards are 3.3v logic level!
Make sure that the SCL and SDA pins used are 5v tolerant or level shifted to 3.3v.

* Author: Peter Lumb (@peter-l5)
* Build: v104

Implementation Notes
--------------------

**Hardware:**

* For example: Adafruit `DS1307 RTC breakout <https://www.adafruit.com/products/3296>`
  (Adafruit Product ID: 3296)

**Software and Dependencies:**

* micropython firmware: https://micropython.org/

**Notes:**

#1.  the square-wave output facility is not supported by this driver.
#2.  milliseconds are not supported by this RTC.
#3.  alarms and timers are not supported by this RTC.
#4.  datasheet: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ds1307.pdf

"""

__version__ = "v104"
__repo__ = "https://github.com/peter-l5"

from micropython import const

# register definitions (see datasheet)
_DATETIME_REGISTER = const(0x00)
_CONTROL_REGISTER  = const(0x07)

class DS1307():
    """
    Interface to the DS1307 RTC.

    **Quickstart: Importing and using the device**

        Here is an example of using the :class:`DS1307` class.
        First you will need to import the libraries to use the sensor

        .. code-block:: python

            from machine import Pin, SoftI2C
            import ds1307

        Once this is done you can define your `board.I2C` object and define your DS1307 clock object

        .. code-block:: python

            # uses SoftI2C class and pins for Raspberry Pi pico 
            i2c0 = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(1), sda=Pin(0), freq=100000)
            ds1307rtc = ds1307.DS1307(i2c0, 0x68)

        Now you can give the current time to the device.

        .. code-block:: python

            # set time (year, month, day, hours. minutes, seconds, weekday: integer: 0-6 )
            ds1307rtc.datetime = (2022, 12, 18, 18, 9, 17, 6)

        You can access the current time with the :attr:`datetime` property.

        .. code-block:: python

            current_time = ds1307rtc.datetime

        You can also access the current time with the :attr:`datetimeRTC` property.
        This returns the time in a format suitable for directly setting the internal RTC clock
        of the Raspberry Pi Pico (once the RTC module is imported).

        .. code-block:: python

        from machine import RTC
        machine.RTC().datetime(ds1307rtc.datetimeRTC)

        The disable oscillator property may be useful to stop the clock when not in use
        to reduce demand on the standby battery.
        
        See also the example code provided.
    """

    def __init__(self, i2c_bus: I2C, addr = 0x68) -> None:
        self.i2c = i2c_bus
        self.addr = addr
        self.buf = bytearray(7)
        self.buf1 = bytearray(1)

    @property
    def datetime(self) -> tuple:
        """Returns the current date, time and day of the week."""
        self.i2c.readfrom_mem_into(self.addr, _DATETIME_REGISTER, self.buf)
        hr24 = False if (self.buf[2] & 0x40) else True
        _datetime = (self._bcd2dec(self.buf[6]) + 2000,
                     self._bcd2dec(self.buf[5]),
                     self._bcd2dec(self.buf[4]),
                     self._bcd2dec(self.buf[2]) if hr24 else
                         self._bcd2dec((self.buf[2] & 0x1f))
                         +  12 if (self.buf[2] & 0x20) else 0,
                     self._bcd2dec(self.buf[1]), # minutes
                     self._bcd2dec(self.buf[0] & 0x7f), # seconds, remove oscilator disable flag
                     self.buf[3] -1,
                     None # unknown number of days since start of year
                     )
        return _datetime        

    @datetime.setter
    def datetime(self, datetime: tuple = None):
        """Set the current date, time and day of the week, and starts the clock."""
        self.buf[6] = self._dec2bcd(datetime[0] % 100) # years
        self.buf[5] = self._dec2bcd(datetime[1] ) # months
        self.buf[4] = self._dec2bcd(datetime[2] ) # days
        self.buf[2] = self._dec2bcd(datetime[3] ) # hours
        self.buf[1] = self._dec2bcd(datetime[4] ) # minutes
        self.buf[0] = self._dec2bcd(datetime[5] ) # seconds
        self.buf[3] = self._dec2bcd(datetime[6] +1) # weekday (0-6)
        self.i2c.writeto_mem(self.addr, _DATETIME_REGISTER, self.buf)
 
    @property
    def datetimeRTC(self) -> tuple:
        _dt = self.datetime
        return _dt[0:3] + (None,) + _dt[3:6] + (None,)
 
    @property
    def disable_oscillator(self) -> bool:
        """True if the oscillator is disabled."""
        self.i2c.readfrom_mem_into(self.addr, _DATETIME_REGISTER, self.buf1)
        self._disable_oscillator = bool(self.buf1[0] & 0x80)
        return self._disable_oscillator
    
    @disable_oscillator.setter
    def disable_oscillator(self, value: bool):
        """Set or clear the DS1307 disable oscillator flag."""
        self._disable_oscillator = value
        self.i2c.readfrom_mem_into(self.addr, _DATETIME_REGISTER, self.buf1)
        self.buf1[0] &= 0x7f  # preserve seconds
        self.buf1[0] |= self._disable_oscillator << 7
        self.i2c.writeto_mem(self.addr, _DATETIME_REGISTER, self.buf1)
  
    def _bcd2dec(self, bcd):
        """Convert binary-coded decimal to decimal. Works for values from 0 to 99 (decimal)."""
        return (bcd >> 4) * 10 + (bcd & 0x0F)
    
    def _dec2bcd(self, decimal):
        """Convert decimal to binary-coded decimal. Works for values from 0 to 99."""
        return ((decimal // 10) << 4) + (decimal % 10)
  

ds1307.py

"""
MicroPython TM1637 quad 7-segment LED display driver
https://github.com/mcauser/micropython-tm1637
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2016 Mike Causer
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"""

from micropython import const
from machine import Pin
from time import sleep_us, sleep_ms

TM1637_CMD1 = const(64)  # 0x40 data command
TM1637_CMD2 = const(192) # 0xC0 address command
TM1637_CMD3 = const(128) # 0x80 display control command
TM1637_DSP_ON = const(8) # 0x08 display on
TM1637_DELAY = const(10) # 10us delay between clk/dio pulses
TM1637_MSB = const(128)  # msb is the decimal point or the colon depending on your display

# 0-9, a-z, blank, dash, star
_SEGMENTS = bytearray(b'\x3F\x06\x5B\x4F\x66\x6D\x7D\x07\x7F\x6F\x77\x7C\x39\x5E\x79\x71\x3D\x76\x06\x1E\x76\x38\x55\x54\x3F\x73\x67\x50\x6D\x78\x3E\x1C\x2A\x76\x6E\x5B\x00\x40\x63')

class TM1637(object):
    """Library for quad 7-segment LED modules based on the TM1637 LED driver."""
    def __init__(self, clk, dio, brightness=7):
        self.clk = clk
        self.dio = dio

        if not 0 <= brightness <= 7:
            raise ValueError("Brightness out of range")
        self._brightness = brightness

        self.clk.init(Pin.OUT, value=0)
        self.dio.init(Pin.OUT, value=0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)

        self._write_data_cmd()
        self._write_dsp_ctrl()

    def _start(self):
        self.dio(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)

    def _stop(self):
        self.dio(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(1)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.dio(1)

    def _write_data_cmd(self):
        # automatic address increment, normal mode
        self._start()
        self._write_byte(TM1637_CMD1)
        self._stop()

    def _write_dsp_ctrl(self):
        # display on, set brightness
        self._start()
        self._write_byte(TM1637_CMD3 | TM1637_DSP_ON | self._brightness)
        self._stop()

    def _write_byte(self, b):
        for i in range(8):
            self.dio((b >> i) & 1)
            sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
            self.clk(1)
            sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
            self.clk(0)
            sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(1)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)
        self.clk(0)
        sleep_us(TM1637_DELAY)

    def brightness(self, val=None):
        """Set the display brightness 0-7."""
        # brightness 0 = 1/16th pulse width
        # brightness 7 = 14/16th pulse width
        if val is None:
            return self._brightness
        if not 0 <= val <= 7:
            raise ValueError("Brightness out of range")

        self._brightness = val
        self._write_data_cmd()
        self._write_dsp_ctrl()

    def write(self, segments, pos=0):
        """Display up to 6 segments moving right from a given position.
        The MSB in the 2nd segment controls the colon between the 2nd
        and 3rd segments."""
        if not 0 <= pos <= 5:
            raise ValueError("Position out of range")
        self._write_data_cmd()
        self._start()

        self._write_byte(TM1637_CMD2 | pos)
        for seg in segments:
            self._write_byte(seg)
        self._stop()
        self._write_dsp_ctrl()

    def encode_digit(self, digit):
        """Convert a character 0-9, a-f to a segment."""
        return _SEGMENTS[digit & 0x0f]

    def encode_string(self, string):
        """Convert an up to 4 character length string containing 0-9, a-z,
        space, dash, star to an array of segments, matching the length of the
        source string."""
        segments = bytearray(len(string))
        for i in range(len(string)):
            segments[i] = self.encode_char(string[i])
        return segments

    def encode_char(self, char):
        """Convert a character 0-9, a-z, space, dash or star to a segment."""
        o = ord(char)
        if o == 32:
            return _SEGMENTS[36] # space
        if o == 42:
            return _SEGMENTS[38] # star/degrees
        if o == 45:
            return _SEGMENTS[37] # dash
        if o >= 65 and o <= 90:
            return _SEGMENTS[o-55] # uppercase A-Z
        if o >= 97 and o <= 122:
            return _SEGMENTS[o-87] # lowercase a-z
        if o >= 48 and o <= 57:
            return _SEGMENTS[o-48] # 0-9
        raise ValueError("Character out of range: {:d} '{:s}'".format(o, chr(o)))

    def hex(self, val):
        """Display a hex value 0x0000 through 0xffff, right aligned."""
        string = '{:04x}'.format(val & 0xffff)
        self.write(self.encode_string(string))

    def number(self, num):
        """Display a numeric value -999 through 9999, right aligned."""
        # limit to range -999 to 9999
        num = max(-999, min(num, 9999))
        string = '{0: >4d}'.format(num)
        self.write(self.encode_string(string))

    def numbers(self, num1, num2, colon=True):
        """Display two numeric values -9 through 99, with leading zeros
        and separated by a colon."""
        num1 = max(-9, min(num1, 99))
        num2 = max(-9, min(num2, 99))
        segments = self.encode_string('{0:0>2d}{1:0>2d}'.format(num1, num2))
        if colon:
            segments[1] |= 0x80 # colon on
        self.write(segments)

    def temperature(self, num):
        if num < -9:
            self.show('lo') # low
        elif num > 99:
            self.show('hi') # high
        else:
            string = '{0: >2d}'.format(num)
            self.write(self.encode_string(string))
        self.write([_SEGMENTS[38], _SEGMENTS[12]], 2) # degrees C

    def show(self, string, colon=False):
        segments = self.encode_string(string)
        if len(segments) > 1 and colon:
            segments[1] |= 128
        self.write(segments[:4])

    def scroll(self, string, delay=250):
        segments = string if isinstance(string, list) else self.encode_string(string)
        data = [0] * 8
        data[4:0] = list(segments)
        for i in range(len(segments) + 5):
            self.write(data[0+i:4+i])
            sleep_ms(delay)


class TM1637Decimal(TM1637):
    """Library for quad 7-segment LED modules based on the TM1637 LED driver.
    This class is meant to be used with decimal display modules (modules
    that have a decimal point after each 7-segment LED).
    """

    def encode_string(self, string):
        """Convert a string to LED segments.
        Convert an up to 4 character length string containing 0-9, a-z,
        space, dash, star and '.' to an array of segments, matching the length of
        the source string."""
        segments = bytearray(len(string.replace('.','')))
        j = 0
        for i in range(len(string)):
            if string[i] == '.' and j > 0:
                segments[j-1] |= TM1637_MSB
                continue
            segments[j] = self.encode_char(string[i])
            j += 1
        return segments

tm1637.py

import random

def is_weekday(dt):
    year = dt[0]
    month = dt[1]
    day = dt[2]

    if month < 3:
        month += 12
        year -= 1

    k = year % 100
    j = year // 100
    h = (day + ((13 * (month + 1)) // 5) + k + (k // 4) + (j // 4) - (2 * j)) % 7
    return h > 1

def sel_chr(num, options, sel, char=chr(0), other=" "):
    return (char if sel == num else other) + options[num]

def space_between(str1, str2, spacer=" ", length=16):
    spacing = spacer * (length - (len(str1 + str2)))
    return str1 + spacing + str2

class MainMenu:
    def __init__(self, display, options):
        self.display = display
        self.options = options
        self.selected = 0

    def reset(self):
        self.selected = 0

    def draw_menu(self):
        opts = list(self.options.keys())
        sel = self.selected
        lcd = self.display

        lcd.clear()
        lcd.putstr("Alarm Settings".center(16))
        lcd.putstr(space_between(sel_chr(0, opts, sel), sel_chr(1, opts, sel)))

    def handle_joystick(self, horizontal, _):
        sel = self.selected

        rerender = False

        if horizontal != -1:
            if sel // 2 == 0:
                sel = horizontal

                rerender = True

        # if vertical != -1:
        #     if sel % 2 == 0:
        #         sel = vertical * 2
        #         rerender = True

        if sel == self.selected:
            rerender = False

        self.selected = sel

        return rerender

    def handle_press(self, press):
        if press:
            return self.options[list(self.options.keys())[self.selected]]
        return False


class SkipMenu:
    def __init__(self, display):
        self.display = display
        self.selected = 0
        self.options = ["Confirm", "Back"]
        self.skips = []
        self.date = ""

    def reset(self):
        self.selected = 0

    def set_skips(self, skip_days, date):
        self.skips = skip_days
        self.date = date

    def draw_menu(self):
        lcd = self.display
        sel = self.selected
        opt = self.options
        lcd.clear()

        if self.date in self.skips:
            self.selected = 1
            sel = 1
            lcd.putstr("Already Skipped!")
            lcd.putstr("{:>16}".format(sel_chr(1, opt, sel)))
            return

        lcd.putstr("Skip Next Alarm".center(16))
        lcd.putstr(sel_chr(0, opt, sel) + " " * 3 + sel_chr(1, opt, sel))

    def handle_joystick(self, horizontal, _):
        sel = self.selected

        rerender = False
        if self.date not in self.skips:
            if horizontal != -1:
                sel = (sel - 1 + (horizontal * 2)) % 2
                rerender = True

        if sel == self.selected:
            rerender = False

        self.selected = sel

        return rerender

    def handle_press(self, press):
        if press and self.selected == 1:
            return True, 1
        if press and self.selected == 0:
            return True, 0
        return False, False


class AlarmMenu:
    def __init__(self, display):
        self.display = display
        self.options = ["Save"]

    def set_skips(self, skip_days, date):
        self.skips = skip_days
        self.date = date

    def draw_menu(self):
        lcd = self.display
        opt = self.options
        lcd.clear()

        lcd.putstr("Editing Alarm".center(16))
        lcd.putstr(sel_chr(0, opt, 0))

    def handle_joystick(self, horizontal, vertical):
        return horizontal != -1, vertical

    def handle_press(self, press):
        if press:
            return True
        return False


class SettingsMenu:
    def __init__(self, display):
        self.display = display
        self.selected = 0

    def draw_menu(self):
        lcd = self.display

        lcd.clear()
        lcd.putstr("Settings Menu")

    def handle_joystick(self, horizontal, vertical):
        sel = self.selected

        rerender = False

        if horizontal != -1:
            if sel // 2 == 0:
                sel = horizontal
                # else:
                # sel = horizontal+2 # There is no 4th option ATM, so if this case is met, do nothing

                rerender = True

        if vertical != -1:
            if sel % 2 == 0:
                sel = vertical * 2
                # else:
                # sel = vertical*2+1 # There is no 4th option ATM, so if this case is met, do nothing
                rerender = True

        if sel == self.selected:
            rerender = False

        self.selected = sel

        return rerender

    def handle_press(self, press):
        print("Press: " + str(press))


class Game:
    def __init__(self, display):
        self.display = display
        self.question_num = 0
        self.question = ""
        self.ipt = ""
        self.warn = False

    def draw(self):
        lcd = self.display

        lcd.clear()

        lcd.putstr("{:<16}".format(f"Question {self.question_num}."))

        if not self.warn:
            lcd.putstr(
                space_between((self.question.replace("**", "^") + " = "), self.ipt[-2:])
            )
        else:
            lcd.putstr("Wrong! Resetting")

    def next_question(self, dt):
        try:
            seed = int((dt[0] - (dt[1] / (dt[2] + 1))) * (dt[4] - dt[5] / (dt[6] + 1)))
            random.seed(seed)

            op = random.choice(["+", "-", "*", "/", "**"])

            if op in ["+", "-"]:
                a = random.randint(1, 100)
                b = random.randint(1, 100 - a)
            elif op == "*":
                a = random.randint(1, 50)
                b = random.randint(1, 50 // a)
            elif op == "/":
                a = random.randint(1, 50)
                b = random.randint(1, 50 // a)
                if b == 0:
                    b = 1
            elif op == "**":
                a = random.randint(1, 9)
                b = random.randint(1, 4)

            question = f"({a}{op}{b})"

            result = int(eval(question))

            random.seed(seed ** random.randint(0, 10))

            add_op = random.choice(["+", "/"])
            if add_op == "+":
                b = random.randint(1, 100 - result)
            else:
                b = random.randint(1, 6)
                if b == 0:
                    b = 1

            question += f"{add_op}{b}"
        except Exception:
            question = "(1+1)/1"

        self.ipt = ""
        self.question = question
        self.question_num += 1

        print(f"{question} = {int(eval(question))}")

    def input_keys(self, key, dt):
        if key in ["0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"]:
            self.ipt += key
            self.draw()
        elif key == "*":
            self.ipt = ""
            self.warn = False
            self.draw()
        else:
            self.submit_ans(dt)

    def submit_ans(self, dt):
        if len(self.ipt) != 0 and int(eval(self.question)) == int(self.ipt[-3:]):
            self.next_question(dt)
            if self.question_num != 4:
                self.draw()
        else:
            self.warn = True
            self.draw()

    def check_comp(self):
        if self.question_num == 4:
            return True
        return False
