"""Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C. This was tested with: https://www.wemos.cc/product/d1-mini.html""" from lcd_api import LcdApi from machine import I2C from time import sleep_ms # The PCF8574 has a jumper selectable address: 0x20 - 0x27 #DEFAULT_I2C_ADDR = 0x20 # Defines shifts or masks for the various LCD line attached to the PCF8574 MASK_RS = 0x01 MASK_RW = 0x02 MASK_E = 0x04 SHIFT_BACKLIGHT = 3 SHIFT_DATA = 4 class I2cLcd(LcdApi): """Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C.""" def __init__(self, i2c, i2c_addr, num_lines, num_columns): self.i2c = i2c self.i2c_addr = i2c_addr self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0])) sleep_ms(20) # Allow LCD time to powerup # Send reset 3 times self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET) sleep_ms(5) # need to delay at least 4.1 msec self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET) sleep_ms(1) self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET) sleep_ms(1) # Put LCD into 4 bit mode self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION) sleep_ms(1) LcdApi.__init__(self, num_lines, num_columns) cmd = self.LCD_FUNCTION if num_lines > 1: cmd |= self.LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES self.hal_write_command(cmd) def hal_write_init_nibble(self, nibble): """Writes an initialization nibble to the LCD. This particular function is only used during initialization. """ byte = ((nibble >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) def hal_backlight_on(self): """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on.""" self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([1 << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT])) def hal_backlight_off(self): """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off.""" self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0])) def hal_write_command(self, cmd): """Writes a command to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E. """ byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((cmd >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((cmd & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) if cmd <= 3: # The home and clear commands require a worst case delay of 4.1 msec sleep_ms(5) def hal_write_data(self, data): """Write data to the LCD.""" byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((data >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((data & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))