# Welcome to The Bin! 🦝

Now that you've thrown some parts into The Bin, it's time to turn that trash into treasure! 🗑️➡️💎

Wire up your parts and write some code to make them work together. If you need
help with a part, click the "?" above it.

If you want to see examples, check here:
https://hack.club/bin-example

You can get help by chatting with other high schoolers on the Hack Club Slack in
the #electronics channel:
👉 https://hackclub.com/slack 👈

Once you're ready build your design IRL, click the "Share" button and submit
your design:
https://hack.club/bin-submit
    

help.md

// Now turn this trash into treasure!

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial1.begin(115200);
  Serial1.println("Hello, Raspberry Pi Pico W!");
}
void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  delay(1); // this speeds up the simulation
}

sketch.ino

diagram.json

from machine import I2C, Pin, SPI
from time import sleep
from pico_i2c_lcd import I2cLcd
from dht import DHT22
import random 
import max7219
import network
import socket
import urequests

i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(0), scl=Pin(1), freq=400000)
I2C_ADDR = i2c.scan()[0]

lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, I2C_ADDR, 2, 16)

dht = DHT22(Pin(28))

red = machine.Pin(22, machine.Pin.OUT)
blue = machine.Pin(26, machine.Pin.OUT)
green = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.OUT)

spi = SPI(0, baudrate=10000000, polarity=1, phase=0, sck=Pin(2), mosi=Pin(3))
ss = Pin(5, Pin.OUT)

ssid = '(replace with ssd name)'
password = '(replace with p/w)'

# for my home city, london
city = 'London, UK' #this isn't used
latitude = 51.5074
longitude = -0.1278
def set_color(r,g,b):
    red.value(r)
    green.value(g)
    blue.value(b)

def connect():
    #Connect to WLAN
    wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
    wlan.active(True)
    wlan.connect(ssid, password)
    while wlan.isconnected() == False:
        print('Waiting for connection...')
        sleep(3)
    print(wlan.ifconfig())

def get_current_temperature(latitude, longitude):
    url = "https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast"
    
    params = "?latitude={}&longitude={}&current_weather=true".format(latitude, longitude)
    
    response = urequests.get(url + params)
    
    if response.status_code == 200:
        data = response.json()
        current_temperature = data['current_weather']['temperature']
        return current_temperature
    else:
        return None

def get_aqi(latitude, longitude): #Air Quality Index
    url = "https://air-quality-api.open-meteo.com/v1/air-quality"
    params = "?latitude={}&longitude={}&current=european_aqi".format(latitude, longitude)
    response = urequests.get(url + params)

    if response.status_code == 200:
        data = response.json()
        aqi = data['current']['european_aqi']
        return current_temperature
    else:
        return None    
#internet connection phase
try:
    connect()
    lcd.putstr("Internet connected successfully!")
    sleep(5)
    lcd.clear()
except Exception as e:
    lcd.putstr("Failed to connect to network :/".format(ssid))
    sleep(5)
    lcd.clear()
    lcd.putstr("n={}".format(ssid))
    lcd.clear()
    sleep(5)
    lcd.putstr("error={}".format(e))
    sleep(5)
    lcd.clear()

options = ["^_^ - I'm finally awake", "Hi!, have a nice day", "Good day, mate!", "Have a great day!", "Have a good one."]
index = 0

#main loop
lcd.putstr("Loading...")
net_t = get_current_temperature(latitude, longitude)
while True:
    dht.measure()
    t = dht.temperature()
    h = dht.humidity()
    lcd.clear()
    
    lcd.putstr(options[index])
    sleep(5)
    lcd.clear()
    
    lcd.putstr("{}oC and {}% humidity".format(t, h))
    sleep(5)
    lcd.clear()
    
    if net_t != None:
        lcd.putstr("About {}oC outside".format(net_t))
    sleep(5)
    lcd.clear()
    
    if t > 25:
        lcd.putstr("That's hot, open a window!")
        set_color(1,0,0)

    elif t < 15:
        lcd.putstr("That's chilly, close a window!")
        set_color(0,0,1)
    else:
        lcd.putstr("Sounds like a nice temperature,")
        set_color(0,1,0)
        
    sleep(2)
    lcd.clear()
    
    if (index != len(options) - 1):
        index += 1
    else:
        index = 0
    

main.py

import utime
import gc

from lcd_api import LcdApi
from machine import I2C

# PCF8574 pin definitions
MASK_RS = 0x01       # P0
MASK_RW = 0x02       # P1
MASK_E  = 0x04       # P2

SHIFT_BACKLIGHT = 3  # P3
SHIFT_DATA      = 4  # P4-P7

class I2cLcd(LcdApi):
    
    #Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C

    def __init__(self, i2c, i2c_addr, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.i2c_addr = i2c_addr
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([0]))
        utime.sleep_ms(20)   # Allow LCD time to powerup
        # Send reset 3 times
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(5)    # Need to delay at least 4.1 msec
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        # Put LCD into 4-bit mode
        self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION)
        utime.sleep_ms(1)
        LcdApi.__init__(self, num_lines, num_columns)
        cmd = self.LCD_FUNCTION
        if num_lines > 1:
            cmd |= self.LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES
        self.hal_write_command(cmd)
        gc.collect()

    def hal_write_init_nibble(self, nibble):
        # Writes an initialization nibble to the LCD.
        # This particular function is only used during initialization.
        byte = ((nibble >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([1 << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        #Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([0]))
        gc.collect()
        
    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        # Write a command to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                (((cmd >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                ((cmd & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        if cmd <= 3:
            # The home and clear commands require a worst case delay of 4.1 msec
            utime.sleep_ms(5)
        gc.collect()

    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        # Write data to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
        byte = (MASK_RS |
                (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                (((data >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        byte = (MASK_RS |
                (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) |
                ((data & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))      
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte | MASK_E]))
        self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytes([byte]))
        gc.collect()

pico_i2c_lcd.py

import time

class LcdApi:
    
    # Implements the API for talking with HD44780 compatible character LCDs.
    # This class only knows what commands to send to the LCD, and not how to get
    # them to the LCD.
    #
    # It is expected that a derived class will implement the hal_xxx functions.
    #
    # The following constant names were lifted from the avrlib lcd.h header file,
    # with bit numbers changed to bit masks.
    
    # HD44780 LCD controller command set
    LCD_CLR             = 0x01  # DB0: clear display
    LCD_HOME            = 0x02  # DB1: return to home position

    LCD_ENTRY_MODE      = 0x04  # DB2: set entry mode
    LCD_ENTRY_INC       = 0x02  # DB1: increment
    LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT     = 0x01  # DB0: shift

    LCD_ON_CTRL         = 0x08  # DB3: turn lcd/cursor on
    LCD_ON_DISPLAY      = 0x04  # DB2: turn display on
    LCD_ON_CURSOR       = 0x02  # DB1: turn cursor on
    LCD_ON_BLINK        = 0x01  # DB0: blinking cursor

    LCD_MOVE            = 0x10  # DB4: move cursor/display
    LCD_MOVE_DISP       = 0x08  # DB3: move display (0-> move cursor)
    LCD_MOVE_RIGHT      = 0x04  # DB2: move right (0-> left)

    LCD_FUNCTION        = 0x20  # DB5: function set
    LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT   = 0x10  # DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode)
    LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES = 0x08  # DB3: two lines (0->one line)
    LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS = 0x04  # DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font)
    LCD_FUNCTION_RESET  = 0x30  # See "Initializing by Instruction" section

    LCD_CGRAM           = 0x40  # DB6: set CG RAM address
    LCD_DDRAM           = 0x80  # DB7: set DD RAM address

    LCD_RS_CMD          = 0
    LCD_RS_DATA         = 1

    LCD_RW_WRITE        = 0
    LCD_RW_READ         = 1

    def __init__(self, num_lines, num_columns):
        self.num_lines = num_lines
        if self.num_lines > 4:
            self.num_lines = 4
        self.num_columns = num_columns
        if self.num_columns > 40:
            self.num_columns = 40
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0
        self.implied_newline = False
        self.backlight = True
        self.display_off()
        self.backlight_on()
        self.clear()
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ENTRY_MODE | self.LCD_ENTRY_INC)
        self.hide_cursor()
        self.display_on()

    def clear(self):
        # Clears the LCD display and moves the cursor to the top left corner
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CLR)
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_HOME)
        self.cursor_x = 0
        self.cursor_y = 0

    def show_cursor(self):
        # Causes the cursor to be made visible
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)

    def hide_cursor(self):
        # Causes the cursor to be hidden
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)

    def blink_cursor_on(self):
        # Turns on the cursor, and makes it blink
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR | self.LCD_ON_BLINK)

    def blink_cursor_off(self):
        # Turns on the cursor, and makes it no blink (i.e. be solid)
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
                               self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)

    def display_on(self):
        # Turns on (i.e. unblanks) the LCD
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)

    def display_off(self):
        # Turns off (i.e. blanks) the LCD
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL)

    def backlight_on(self):
        # Turns the backlight on.
        
        # This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        # controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        self.backlight = True
        self.hal_backlight_on()

    def backlight_off(self):
        # Turns the backlight off.

        # This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
        # controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
        self.backlight = False
        self.hal_backlight_off()

    def move_to(self, cursor_x, cursor_y):
        # Moves the cursor position to the indicated position. The cursor
        # position is zero based (i.e. cursor_x == 0 indicates first column).
        self.cursor_x = cursor_x
        self.cursor_y = cursor_y
        addr = cursor_x & 0x3f
        if cursor_y & 1:
            addr += 0x40    # Lines 1 & 3 add 0x40
        if cursor_y & 2:    # Lines 2 & 3 add number of columns
            addr += self.num_columns
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_DDRAM | addr)

    def putchar(self, char):
        # Writes the indicated character to the LCD at the current cursor
        # position, and advances the cursor by one position.
        if char == '\n':
            if self.implied_newline:
                # self.implied_newline means we advanced due to a wraparound,
                # so if we get a newline right after that we ignore it.
                pass
            else:
                self.cursor_x = self.num_columns
        else:
            self.hal_write_data(ord(char))
            self.cursor_x += 1
        if self.cursor_x >= self.num_columns:
            self.cursor_x = 0
            self.cursor_y += 1
            self.implied_newline = (char != '\n')
        if self.cursor_y >= self.num_lines:
            self.cursor_y = 0
        self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)

    def putstr(self, string):
        # Write the indicated string to the LCD at the current cursor
        # position and advances the cursor position appropriately.
        for char in string:
            self.putchar(char)

    def custom_char(self, location, charmap):
        # Write a character to one of the 8 CGRAM locations, available
        # as chr(0) through chr(7).
        location &= 0x7
        self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CGRAM | (location << 3))
        self.hal_sleep_us(40)
        for i in range(8):
            self.hal_write_data(charmap[i])
            self.hal_sleep_us(40)
        self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)

    def hal_backlight_on(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on.
        # If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        pass

    def hal_backlight_off(self):
        # Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off.
        # If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        pass

    def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
        # Write a command to the LCD.
        # It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        raise NotImplementedError

    def hal_write_data(self, data):
        # Write data to the LCD.
        # It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function.
        raise NotImplementedError

    def hal_sleep_us(self, usecs):
        # Sleep for some time (given in microseconds)
        time.sleep_us(usecs)

lcd_api.py

# Wokwi Library List
# See https://docs.wokwi.com/guides/libraries



libraries.txt

from machine import Pin
import time
dht_pin=2
bitstream=[0]*40

def DHTread():
    #set variales to zero initially, as we perform logical OR operation on them.
    hum_hob=0  #higher order bytes of humidity
    hum_lob=0  # lower order bytes of humidity
    temp_hob=0
    temp_lob=0
    checksum=0 
    global humidity,temperature,DataError
    lastreadtime=0   #used to calculate bit period
    bitstream=[0]*40 #array to hold bit period
      
    # Trigger Sensor to begin communication
    #Send a low pulse of 1.1ms duration. Datasheet specifies atleast 1ms
    dht=Pin(dht_pin, Pin.OUT)
    dht.low()          
    time.sleep_us(1100)
    #send a high pulse of 40us duration
    dht.high()
    time.sleep_us(40)
    #set pin as pullup and wait for signal from DHT
    dht=Pin(dht_pin, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)
    
    #acknowledgment from DHT
    while (dht.value()==0):
        pass #wait while dht pulls pin low for 80us
    while (dht.value()==1):
        pass #wait while dht pulls pin high for 80us
    
    #Loop to get bit period of bitstream. DHT send 40 bits of data starting from MSB
    for i in range (0,40):
        lastreadtime=time.ticks_us()
        while (dht.value()==0):
            pass #wait while dht pulls pin low
        while (dht.value()==1):
            pass #wait while dht pulls pin high
        bitstream[i]=time.ticks_us()-lastreadtime #stores bit period of a single bit.
    
    #Convert bit period to binary data.
    #A bit is sent in the form of LOW pulse followed by a HIGH pulse.All low pulses
    # are 50us in duration. If the HIGH pulse following the LOW pulse
    # is 24us-28us in duration, the bit is 0. If the HIGH pulse following the LOW pulse
    # is 70us in duration, the bit is 1.
    # So if bit period(HIGH pulse+LOW pulse) is less than 100us, then the bit is 0, else 1. 
    for i in range (0,40):
        if(bitstream[i] < 100):
            bitstream[i]=0
        else:
            bitstream[i]=1
    #First 16 bit contains humidity data, next 16 bit contains temperature data.
    # Last 8 bits gives checksum.
    #Seperate the 40 bit data to 5 8-bit banks.
    for i in range (8,0,-1):
        if(bitstream[8-i]==1):
            hum_hob|=1<<(i-1)
    for i in range (8,0,-1):
        if(bitstream[16-i]==1):
            hum_lob|=1<<i-1
    for i in range (8,0,-1):
        if(bitstream[24-i]==1):
            temp_hob|=1<<i-1
    for i in range (8,0,-1):
        if(bitstream[32-i]==1):
            temp_lob|=1<<i-1
    for i in range (8,0,-1):
        if(bitstream[40-i]==1):
            checksum|=1<<i-1

    if (checksum==(hum_hob+hum_lob+temp_hob+temp_lob)&0x00ff):
        DataError=False
    else:
        DataError=True

    #Bitwise shifting and OR operation to convert raw data. The raw data is 10 times more than real values.    
    humidity=((hum_hob)<<8)|hum_lob;
    humidity*=0.1;
    temperature=((temp_hob&0x7f)<<8)|temp_lob;
    temperature*=0.1;

while True:
    time.sleep(2)
    DHTread()
    if (DataError==False):
        print("Temp: {} °C".format(temperature))
        print("Humidity: {} %".format(humidity))
    else:
        print("Checksum Error")
لغة الكود:  بايثون  ( بيثون )


DHT22.py

"""
MicroPython max7219 cascadable 8x8 LED matrix driver
https://github.com/mcauser/micropython-max7219

MIT License
Copyright (c) 2017 Mike Causer

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"""
from micropython import const
import framebuf

_NOOP = const(0)
_DIGIT0 = const(1)
_DECODEMODE = const(9)
_INTENSITY = const(10)
_SCANLIMIT = const(11)
_SHUTDOWN = const(12)
_DISPLAYTEST = const(15)

class Matrix8x8:
    def __init__(self, spi, cs, num):
        """
        Driver for cascading MAX7219 8x8 LED matrices.

        >>> import max7219
        >>> from machine import Pin, SPI
        >>> spi = SPI(1)
        >>> display = max7219.Matrix8x8(spi, Pin('X5'), 4)
        >>> display.text('1234',0,0,1)
        >>> display.show()

        """
        self.spi = spi
        self.cs = cs
        self.cs.init(cs.OUT, True)
        self.buffer = bytearray(8 * num)
        self.num = num
        fb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(self.buffer, 8 * num, 8, framebuf.MONO_HLSB)
        self.framebuf = fb
        # Provide methods for accessing FrameBuffer graphics primitives. This is a workround
        # because inheritance from a native class is currently unsupported.
        # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
        self.fill = fb.fill  # (col)
        self.pixel = fb.pixel # (x, y[, c])
        self.hline = fb.hline  # (x, y, w, col)
        self.vline = fb.vline  # (x, y, h, col)
        self.line = fb.line  # (x1, y1, x2, y2, col)
        self.rect = fb.rect  # (x, y, w, h, col)
        self.fill_rect = fb.fill_rect  # (x, y, w, h, col)
        self.text = fb.text  # (string, x, y, col=1)
        self.scroll = fb.scroll  # (dx, dy)
        self.blit = fb.blit  # (fbuf, x, y[, key])
        self.init()

    def _write(self, command, data):
        self.cs(0)
        for m in range(self.num):
            self.spi.write(bytearray([command, data]))
        self.cs(1)

    def init(self):
        for command, data in (
            (_SHUTDOWN, 0),
            (_DISPLAYTEST, 0),
            (_SCANLIMIT, 7),
            (_DECODEMODE, 0),
            (_SHUTDOWN, 1),
        ):
            self._write(command, data)

    def brightness(self, value):
        if not 0 <= value <= 15:
            raise ValueError("Brightness out of range")
        self._write(_INTENSITY, value)

    def show(self):
        for y in range(8):
            self.cs(0)
            for m in range(self.num):
                self.spi.write(bytearray([_DIGIT0 + y, self.buffer[(y * self.num) + m]]))
            self.cs(1)
