// https://wokwi.com/projects/408444339896871937

const int outPin = 13;

void setup() {
  pinMode(outPin, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
  Serial.println("method: microseconds/write");
  digWrite();
  PORTxToggle();
  PINxToggle();
  unrollDigWrite();
  PORTxToggleUnrolled();
  PINxToggleUnrolled();
  Serial.println();
  delay(1000);
}

void digWrite() {
  const int fors = 10000, outPin = 13;
  uint32_t start, finish;
  start = micros();
  for (int ii = 1; ii < fors ; ++ii) {
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
  }
  finish = micros();
  Serial.print("digitalWrite for: ");
  Serial.println((finish - start) / (fors * 2.0 ), 3);
}


void PORTxToggle() {
  const int fors = 10000, outPin = 13;
  uint32_t start, finish;
  start = micros();
  for (int ii = 1; ii < fors ; ++ii) {
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
  }
  finish = micros();
  Serial.print("PORTx toggle for: ");
  Serial.println((finish - start) / (fors * 2.0 ), 3);
}

void PORTxToggleUnrolled() {
  const int fors = 10000, outPin = 13;
  uint32_t start, finish;
  start = micros();
  for (int ii = 1; ii < fors ; ++ii) {
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);
    PORTB |= bit(5);
    PORTB &= !bit(5);

  }
  finish = micros();
  Serial.print("PORTx toggle unrolled 100x: ");
  Serial.println((finish - start) / (fors * 100.0 ), 3);
}



void PINxToggle() {
  const int fors = 10000, outPin = 13;
  uint32_t start, finish;
  start = micros();
  for (int ii = 1; ii < fors ; ++ii) {
    PINB = bit(5);
  }
  finish = micros();
  Serial.print("PINx toggle for: ");
  Serial.println((finish - start) / (fors * 1.0 ), 3);
}





void PINxToggleUnrolled() {
  const int fors = 10000, outPin = 13;
  uint32_t start, finish;
  start = micros();
  for (int ii = 1; ii < fors ; ++ii) {
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);
    PINB = bit(5);

  }
  finish = micros();
  Serial.print("PINx toggle unrolled 100x: ");
  Serial.println((finish - start) / (fors * 100.0 ), 3);
}


void unrollDigWrite() {
  const int fors = 10000, outPin = 13;
  uint32_t start, finish;
  start = micros();
  for (int ii = 1; ii < fors ; ++ii) {
    //100 writes:
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(outPin, LOW);
  }
  finish = micros();
  Serial.print("digitalWrite unrolled 100x: ");
  Serial.println((finish - start) / (fors * 100.0), 3);
}