void port_init();
void LCD_init();
void out_ctrl_inst();
void lcd_ctrl(char);
void out_data(char);
void LCD_write(char*);
void write_data(char);
void set_cursor(char, char);
void clear_display();

void setup()
{
  port_init();
  LCD_init();
  clear_display();
  
  // Set cursor to 5th position (0-indexed) on the first row and write "Welcome"
  set_cursor(0, 5);
  LCD_write("Thennal");
  
  clear_display();
  
  // Set cursor to 1st position (0-indexed) on the second row and write "To ECEN Academy"
  set_cursor(1, 1);
  LCD_write("Welcome's You!");
}

void loop()
{
  // Empty loop
}

void port_init()
{
  volatile char* LCD_port = (volatile char*)0x30;
  *LCD_port = 0xFF;  // Set LCD data port as output
  volatile char* LCD_CTRL_port = (volatile char*)0x107;
  *LCD_CTRL_port = 0x03;  // Set LCD control port as output
}

void LCD_init()
{
  out_data(0x38);  // 8-bit 2-line 5x8 dot matrix
  out_ctrl_inst();

  out_data(0x0F);  // Turn on display and cursor
  out_ctrl_inst();

  out_data(0x06);  // Cursor shift right
  out_ctrl_inst();
  
  // Add a delay after initialization to allow the LCD to stabilize
  delay(50);
}

void out_ctrl_inst()
{
  lcd_ctrl(0x01);  // En-1, RS-0 (Instruction)
  delay(10);
  lcd_ctrl(0x00);  // En-0
  delay(10);
}

void lcd_ctrl(char cmd)
{
  volatile char* LCD_CTRL_CMD = (volatile char*)0x108;
  *LCD_CTRL_CMD = cmd;
}

void out_data(char data)
{
  volatile char* LCD_DATA = (volatile char*)0x31;
  *LCD_DATA = data;
}

void LCD_write(char* ptr)
{
  while (*ptr != 0)
  {
    write_data(*ptr);  // Write each character to the LCD
    ptr++;
    delay(10);  // Add a slight delay between each character
  }
}

void write_data(char data)
{
  out_data(data);       // Send data to the LCD
  lcd_ctrl(0x02);       // RS = 1 (data mode), RW = 0
  delay(10);
  lcd_ctrl(0x03);       // Enable = 1
  delay(10);
  lcd_ctrl(0x02);       // Enable = 0
  delay(10);
}

void set_cursor(char row, char column)
{
  // Base addresses for the first and second lines of the LCD
  char address;
  if (row == 0)
    address = 0x80 + column;  // First line starts at 0x80
  else if (row == 1)
    address = 0xC0 + column;  // Second line starts at 0xC0

  out_data(address);  // Send the calculated address
  out_ctrl_inst();

  // Add a delay to ensure cursor is set before writing data
  delay(10);
}

void clear_display()
{
  out_data(0x01);  // Clear display
  out_ctrl_inst();

}