// Constants for pin assignments
const int speakerPin = 9;  // Pin connected to the speaker or piezo buzzer

// Variables for frequency and tone duration
int frequency = 1000;      // Frequency in Hertz (initial tone frequency)
int duration = 1000;       // Duration in milliseconds

void setup() {
  // Set the speaker pin as an output
  pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Generate the tone at the specified frequency
  generateTone(speakerPin, frequency, duration);
  
  // Wait for 1 second before the next tone
  delay(1000);
  
  // Change frequency for the next tone (optional)
  frequency += 100;
  if (frequency > 2000) {
    frequency = 1000;  // Reset to initial frequency
  }
}

// Function to generate a tone on the given pin
void generateTone(int pin, int frequency, int duration) {
  int period = 1000000 / frequency;  // Period in microseconds
  int halfPeriod = period / 2;       // Half the period
  
  // Calculate how many cycles to play within the duration
  long cycles = (long)frequency * duration / 1000;

  for (long i = 0; i < cycles; i++) {
    digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);          // Set pin high
    delayMicroseconds(halfPeriod);    // Wait half period
    digitalWrite(pin, LOW);           // Set pin low
    delayMicroseconds(halfPeriod);    // Wait half period
  }
}