// Include the LiquidCrystal library for controlling the LCD display
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// Initialize the library with the pins used to connect to the LCD (RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7)
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

// Define the Beta Coefficient for the thermistor, used for temperature calculations
const float BETA = 3950; 

// The setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
  // Set up the LCD's number of columns and rows (16 columns and 2 rows)
  lcd.begin(16, 2);

  // Set the analog reference voltage to the default (typically 5V)
  analogReference(DEFAULT); 
}

// The loop function runs continuously after setup
void loop() {
  // Read the analog value from A0, which is connected to the thermistor
  int analogValue = analogRead(A0);
  
  // Convert the analog reading to a temperature in Celsius
  // Using the formula for the thermistor based on the Beta parameter
  float celsius = 1 / (log(1 / (1023.0 / analogValue - 1)) / BETA + 1.0 / 298.15) - 273.15;
  
  // Clear the previous content on the LCD
  lcd.clear();
  
  // Set the cursor to the first column, first row of the LCD
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  
  // Print "Temp: " on the LCD
  lcd.print("Temp: ");
  
  // Print the calculated Celsius temperature with one decimal place
  lcd.print(celsius, 1);
  
  // Print the Celsius unit symbol " C"
  lcd.print(" C");

  // Wait for 1 second before updating the temperature reading again
  delay(1000);
}