// void init_port(void);
// void outdata(char);
// void outcontrol(char);
// void init_lcd(void);
// void lcd_control_write(void);
// void write_data(char);
// void write_string(char);
// void set_cursor_second_row(void);  
// void setup() {
//   // put your setup code here, to run once:
//   init_port();
//   init_lcd();
//   set_cursor_first_row();
//   write_string("yeah this is my first written library");
// }
// void write_string(char *ptr) {
//   volatile long count=0;
//   while (*ptr != 0) {    
//     // if(count==16){
//     //   set_cursor_second_row();
//     //    lcd_control_write();      
//     // }
//     write_data(*ptr);                // Write character to the LCD
//     ptr++;
//     count++;
                      
//   }
// }


// void init_port(void){
//   volatile char *portF_dir=(volatile char *)0x30;
//   volatile char *portK_dir=(volatile char *)0x107;
//   *portF_dir=0xFF;
//   *portK_dir=0x03;
// }
// void outdata(char out_data){
//   volatile char *portF_data;
//   portF_data=0x31;
//   *portF_data=out_data; 
// }
// void outcontrol(char out_data){
//    volatile char *portK_data;
//    portK_data=0x108;
//   *portK_data=out_data;
// }
// void init_lcd(void){ 
//   outdata(0x38);  //function set: 8bit ,2line , 5*8
//   lcd_control_write();  //giving pulse to enable
//   outdata(0x0F);   //display on ,cursor blinking
//    lcd_control_write();  
//   outdata(0x01);  //clear display
//   lcd_control_write();  
//   outdata(0x06);   //auto increment after writing 1 char; entry mode
//   lcd_control_write();  
   
  
// }
// void lcd_control_write(void){
//   outcontrol(0x01);   
//   delay(1);
//   outcontrol(0x00);
//   delay(1);
// }
// void write_data(char wr_data){
//   outdata(wr_data);
//   outcontrol(0x02);    //giving pulse to enable and sending data RS= 1 as writing to register
//   delay(1);
//   outcontrol(0x03);
//   delay(1);
//   outcontrol(0x02);
//   delay(1);
// }
// void set_cursor_second_row(void) {
//   outdata(0xC0);  // Address of the second row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
//   lcd_control_write();
// }
// void set_cursor_first_row(void) {
//   outdata(0x80);  // Address of the first row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
//   lcd_control_write();
// }
// void loop() {
//   // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
//   outdata(0x1B);     // 0001 10111
//   lcd_control_write();
//   delay(300);

// }
//*********************************************
//with contrast adjustment
// volatile int Contrast=0;
// void setup() {
//   // put your setup code here, to run once:
//   volatile char *portH_dir=(volatile char *)0x101;
//   *portH_dir=0xFF;
//    TCCR0A = (1 << COM0A1) | (1 << WGM00) | (1 << WGM01); // Fast PWM Mode
//   TCCR0B = (1 << CS00); // No prescaling (Fastest mode)

//   // Set the PWM duty cycle (contrast)
//   OCR0A = Contrast;  // 8-bit value between 0 and 255
//   init_port();
//   init_lcd();
//   // set_cursor_first_row();
//   write_string("Thanks for your time");
// }




//********************************************************************
//********************************************************************
//********************************************************************
//for custom characters

// void init_port(void);
// void outdata(char);
// void outcontrol(char);
// void init_lcd(void);
// void lcd_control_write(void);
// void write_data(char);
// void write_string(char);
// void set_cursor_second_row(void);
// void set_cursor_first_row(void);
// void define_custom_character(void); // Function to define custom characters
// void display_smiley_face(void); // Function to display the smiley face

// void setup() {
//   init_port();
//   init_lcd();
//   define_custom_character(); // Load custom character into CGRAM
//   display_smiley_face();     // Display the smiley face

//  set_cursor_second_row();
//   lcd_control_write();
//  write_string("SMILE ARMUP FACE");

// }
// void write_string(char *ptr) {
//   while (*ptr != 0) {    
//     write_data(*ptr);                // Write character to the LCD
//     ptr++;
//     delay(150);
// }
// }
// void init_port(void) {
//   volatile char *portF_dir = (volatile char *)0x30;
//   volatile char *portK_dir = (volatile char *)0x107;
//   *portF_dir = 0xFF;
//   *portK_dir = 0x03;
// }

// void outdata(char out_data) {
//   volatile char *portF_data;
//   portF_data = 0x31;
//   *portF_data = out_data; 
// }

// void outcontrol(char out_data) {
//   volatile char *portK_data;
//   portK_data = 0x108;
//   *portK_data = out_data;
// }

// void init_lcd(void) { 
//   outdata(0x38);  // Function set: 8-bit, 2-line, 5x8 dots
//   lcd_control_write();
//   outdata(0x0F);  // Display on, cursor blinking
//   lcd_control_write();
//   outdata(0x01);  // Clear display
//   lcd_control_write();
//   outdata(0x06);  // Auto increment after writing 1 char; entry mode
//   lcd_control_write();
// }

// void lcd_control_write(void) {
//   outcontrol(0x01);
//   delay(1);
//   outcontrol(0x00);
//   delay(1);
// }

// void write_data(char wr_data) {
//   outdata(wr_data);
//   outcontrol(0x02); // Giving pulse to enable and sending data
//   delay(1);
//   outcontrol(0x03);
//   delay(1);
//   outcontrol(0x02);
//   delay(1);
// }


// // Define a custom character (smiley face) in CGRAM
// void define_custom_character(void) {
//    char smiley[8] = {
//     0b00000, // Row 1
//     0b01010, // Row 2
//     0b01010, // Row 3
//     0b00000, // Row 4
//     0b10001, // Row 5
//     0b01110, // Row 6
//     0b00000, // Row 7
//     0b00000  // Row 8
//   };
//   char armsUp[8] = {
//   0b00100,
//   0b01010,
//   0b00100,
//   0b10101,
//   0b01110,
//   0b00100,
//   0b00100,
//   0b01010
// };
//  char face[8] = {
//   0b11111,
//   0b10001,
//   0b00000,
//   0b01010,
//   0b00000,
//   0b00100,
//   0b00000,
//   0b01110
// };


//   // Set CGRAM address (starting at 0x40 for custom character 0)
//   outdata(0x40); // CGRAM address for custom character 0
//   lcd_control_write();

//   // Write the custom character pattern to CGRAM
//   for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
//     write_data(smiley[i]);
//   }
//   //  outdata(0x40); // CGRAM address for custom character 0
//   // lcd_control_write();

//   // Write the custom character pattern to CGRAM
//   for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
//     write_data(armsUp[i]);
//   // } outdata(0x40); // CGRAM address for custom character 0
//   // lcd_control_write();
//   }
//   // Write the custom character pattern to CGRAM
//   for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
//     write_data(face[i]);
//   }

  //THE CGRAM ADDRESS AUTOINCREMATES AFTER WRITING ONE DATA BUT CAN BE MANUALLY SET UP
  // outdata(0x40);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[0]);
  // lcd_control_write();
  

  // outdata(0x41);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[1]);
  // lcd_control_write();

  //   outdata(0x42);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[2]);
  // lcd_control_write();

  //   outdata(0x43);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[3]);
  // lcd_control_write();
  
  //   outdata(0x44);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[4]);
  // lcd_control_write();

  //   outdata(0x45);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[5]);
  // lcd_control_write();

  //   outdata(0x46);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[6]);
  // lcd_control_write();

  // outdata(0x47);
  // lcd_control_write();
  // write_data(smiley[7]);

//}

// void display_smiley_face(void) {
//    outdata(0x80);  // Address of the first row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
//   lcd_control_write();
//   lcd_control_write();
//   write_data(0x00); // Display custom character 0 (stored in CGRAM)

//   outdata(0x88);  // Address of the first row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
//   lcd_control_write();
//   lcd_control_write();
//   write_data(0x01); // Display custom character 0 (stored in CGRAM)

//   outdata(0x8F);  // Address of the first row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
//   lcd_control_write();
//   lcd_control_write();
//   write_data(0x02); // Display custom character 0 (stored in CGRAM)
 
// }
//  void set_cursor_first_row(void) {
//   outdata(0x80);  // Address of the first row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
//   lcd_control_write();
// }
// void set_cursor_second_row(void) {
//   outdata(0xC0);  // Address of the second row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
//   lcd_control_write();
// }
// void loop() {
//   // Main loop - nothing needed here
 
// }


//********************************************************************************
//****************4bit mode***************************************

void init_port(void);
void outdata(char);
void outcontrol(char);
void init_lcd(void);
void lcd_control_write(void);
void write_data(char);
void write_string(char);
void set_cursor_second_row(void);  
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  init_port();
  init_lcd();
  // set_cursor_first_row();
  write_string("yeah 4bit mode worked");
}
void write_string(char *ptr) {
  volatile long count=0;
  while (*ptr != 0) {    
    // if(count==16){
    //   set_cursor_second_row();
    //    lcd_control_write();      
    // }
    write_data(*ptr);                // Write character to the LCD
    ptr++;
    count++;
                      
  }
}


void init_port(void){
  volatile char *portF_dir=(volatile char *)0x30;
  volatile char *portK_dir=(volatile char *)0x107;
  *portF_dir=0xFF;
  *portK_dir=0x03;
}
void outdata(char out_data){
  volatile char *portF_data;
  portF_data=0x31;
  *portF_data=out_data; 
}
void outcontrol(char out_data){
   volatile char *portK_data;
   portK_data=0x108;
  *portK_data=out_data;
}
void out_4bit_data(char out_data){
    volatile char *portF_data;
    portF_data=0x31;
  *portF_data=(out_data & 0xF0); 
  lcd_control_write(); 
  *portF_data=(out_data<<4) & 0xF0; 
  lcd_control_write(); 
  delay(1);
}
void init_lcd(void){ 
  out_4bit_data(0x02);  //function set: 4bit ,2line , 5*8
  out_4bit_data(0x28);  //function set: 4bit ,2line , 5*8
  out_4bit_data(0x0F);   //display on ,cursor blinking 
  out_4bit_data(0x01);  //clear display
  out_4bit_data(0x06);   //auto increment after writing 1 char; entry mode 
}
void lcd_control_write(void){
  outcontrol(0x01);   
  delay(1);
  outcontrol(0x00);
  delay(1);
}

void write_data(char wr_data){
  //last 4 bits
  outdata(wr_data & 0xF0);
  outcontrol(0x02);    //giving pulse to enable and sending data RS= 1 as writing to register
  delay(1);          // RS decides whether it's cmd or data
  outcontrol(0x03);
  delay(1);
  outcontrol(0x02);
  delay(1);
  //first 4bits
  outdata((wr_data << 4) & 0xF0);
  outcontrol(0x02);    //giving pulse to enable and sending data RS= 1 as writing to register
  delay(1);          // RS decides whether it's cmd or data
  outcontrol(0x03);
  delay(1);
  outcontrol(0x02);
  delay(1);
}
void set_cursor_second_row(void) {
  out_4bit_data(0xC0);  // Address of the second row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
  lcd_control_write();
}
void set_cursor_first_row(void) {
  out_4bit_data(0x80);  // Address of the first row in 16x2 LCD(DDRAM)
  // lcd_control_write();
}
void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  out_4bit_data(0x1B);     // 0001 10111
  lcd_control_write();
  delay(300);
}