void port_init();
void out_port(unsigned int x);
void delay1();

void delay1() {
  volatile long i;
  for (i = 0; i < 200000; i++);  // Basic delay loop
}

void port_init() {
  DDRD = 0xFC;  // Set PD2 to PD7 as outputs (0b11111100)
  DDRB = 0x3F;  // Set PB0 to PB5 as outputs (0b00111111)
  DDRC = 0x3F;  // Set PC0 to PC5 as outputs (0b00111111)
}

void out_port(unsigned int x) {
  // Output lower 6 bits to Port D (PD2 to PD7)
  PORTD = (x << 2) & 0xFC;  // Shift left to align with PD2 to PD7
  Serial.print("HEX Value of D: ");
  Serial.println(PORTD, BIN);  // Print value in binary format for better visualization

  // Output bits 6 to 11 to Port B (PB0 to PB5)
  PORTB = (x >> 6) & 0x3F;  // Shift right by 6 to align with PB0 to PB5
  Serial.print("HEX Value of B: ");
  Serial.println(PORTB, BIN);  // Print value in binary format for better visualization

  // Output bits 12 to 17 to Port C (PC0 to PC5)
  PORTC = (x >> 12) & 0x3F;  // Shift right by 12 to align with PC0 to PC5
  Serial.print("HEX Value of C: ");
  Serial.println(PORTC, BIN);  // Print value in binary format for better visualization
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);  // Initialize serial communication at 9600 baud
  port_init();         // Initialize the ports
}

void loop() {
  unsigned char i;
  unsigned int y;  // Use 'unsigned int' to handle up to 18 bits

  // Loop to blink all 18 LEDs and print their corresponding values
  for (i = 0; i < 18; i++) {
    y = 1 << i;
    out_port(y);  // Output the value to the ports
    delay1();     // Delay for visualization
  }
}