/* 
  Created: 03-Dec-24 7:11:45 PM
*
  Author : Mostafa Salem
*/

#include <Ultrasonic.h>                          // The ultrasonic library for converting the signal from sensor to a distance directly 
#include <LCD-I2C.h>              // library for interfacing LCD I2C module to the arduino 
#include <math.h>                                // math library for interfacing arithmetic equations that included within the code

LCD_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2);
Ultrasonic ultrasonic(12, 13);

int   Relaypin=6;
float distance;
float h;
float HPressure;                                 // hydrostatic pressure

float pi=3.14159265359;                          // Pi constant
int   roah=1000;                                 // water density in kg/m^3   --> 1 m^3 = 1000L
float g=9.81;                                    // gravitational acceleration in kg*m/s^2
float epsilon = 0.0000015;                       // ε is the pipe's effective roughness
float D = 0.0127;                                // Pipe diameter in meters
float L = 0.82;                                  // Pipe Length in meters
float meu=0.001;                                 // dynamic viscosity 
float Re;                                        // Reynold's number
float V;                                         // Fluid velocity
float pressure;                                  // Fluid pressure 
float A=(pi * pow(D / 2, 2));                    // Pipe crossectional Area
float ffactor;                                   // Darcy friction factor


#define FlowMeterfactor 21.5472//22.445//14.33 // Flow meter sensor calibration factor
byte sensorInterrupt = 0;
float FlowCalcDuration =1000;
float FlowCalcStartTime;
volatile float PulseCount;
float LPM;
int   LPMdecimal;

void pulseCounter()                              // Interrupt function
{
  PulseCount++;
}

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
   Wire.begin();
    lcd.begin(&Wire);
     lcd.display();
    lcd.backlight();
  lcd.print("***feel*********");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("********alive***");
  delay(2000);
  lcd.clear();
  pinMode(6, OUTPUT); 
  PulseCount=0;
  LPM=0;
  LPMdecimal=2;
  attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt,pulseCounter,FALLING);
  FlowCalcStartTime=millis();
}

void loop() 
{
  distance = ultrasonic.read();                   // The read value from Ultrasonic sensor
  h= 31-distance;                                  // Hight of the fluid in the tank
  HPressure = roah*g*(h/100);                     // hydrostatic pressure equation
 
  Serial.print("Q= ");
  Serial.println(LPM/*0.001/60.0*/);
  Serial.print("P= ");
  Serial.println(pressure);
  delay(1000);
   
  V=(LPM*0.001 / 60.0)/A;                        // calculating fluid velocity --> Q = V/A
  Re=(roah * V * D) / (pi * meu);                // calculating Reynold's number --> Re = ρ*V / pi*D*μ 


  if (Re>=4000) {                               // if the Reynold's number is indecating turbulent flow 
    float term1 = epsilon / (3.7 * D);
    float term2 = 5.74 / pow(Re, 0.9);
    float denominator = log10(term1 + term2);
    ffactor = 0.25 / pow(denominator, 2);       // calculating Darcy friction factor by Swamee–Jain equation
  }
  else if (Re<4000){                            // else if the Reynold's number is indecating laminar flow
    
    ffactor= 64/Re ;                            // calculating Darcy friction factor by the following equation
  }
  pressure = ffactor * (L / D) * (pow(V,2) / 2 * g) * roah * g;  // calculating the pressure from the energy equation 

  

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("h=");                               
  lcd.print(h);
  lcd.print(" cm");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("P="); 
  lcd.print(HPressure/1000 +101.33);
  lcd.print(" KPa");
  delay(2000);
  CalculateFlow();


  if( h >= 11 ){
    digitalWrite(Relaypin,LOW);                            //if the distance between the fluid and the ultrasonic sensor is less than or equal to 11cm shutdown the pump
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("******PUMP******"); 
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("*******OFF******"); 
    delay(1000);
    lcd.clear();

  }
  else{                                              //if the distance between the fluid and the ultrasonic sensor is more than 11cm open the pump
    digitalWrite(Relaypin,HIGH);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("******PUMP******"); 
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("*******ON******"); 
    delay(1000);
    lcd.clear();

  }
 
 
}


void CalculateFlow()                                     // the function that calculate flow rate by deviding the freqency of pulses by the calibration factor
{
 if(millis()-FlowCalcStartTime > FlowCalcDuration)
 {
  LPM = PulseCount/(FlowMeterfactor*(FlowCalcDuration/1000));
  DisplayLPM();
  FlowCalcStartTime = millis();
  PulseCount=0;
 }
}



void DisplayLPM()                                    // the function that display the flow rate and pressure of the fluid on the LCD
{
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Q=");                               
  lcd.print(LPM,LPMdecimal);
  lcd.print(" L/M");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("P12=");
  lcd.print(pressure/1000);
  lcd.print(" KPa ");
  delay(2000);

}