print("hello IXD-256!")
print(1+1*2)

# variable example:
x = 2
print(x)

# for loop example:
for i in range(3):
    print('i =', i)

# while loop example:
while x < 4:
    print('x =', x)
    x += 1  # increment x

print('is x less than 4?', x < 4)

# if, elif, else conditions example:
x = 0
if x > 0:
    print('x is positive')
elif x < 0:
    print('x is negative')
else:
    print('x is zero')

# function definition example:
def print_hello():
    print('hello')

print_hello()

# function definition with one parameter:
def print_something(x):
    print('x =', x)

print_something(x = 256)
print_something('ixd-256')

# function with a local variable:
def my_function():
    local_variable = 1
    print('local_variable =', local_variable)

my_function()
# print('local_variable =', local_variable) # ERROR
# can't use local variable outside the function

# eample of a global variable:
global_variable = 0 

# function that uses a global variable:
def my_function():
    # tell the function to use the global variable:
    global global_variable 
    global_variable = 1
    print('global_variable =', global_variable)

my_function()
print('global_variable =', global_variable)

# updating (incrementing) variables:
x = 0
x = x + 1
print('x =', x)
x += 1  # same as x = x + 1
print('x =', x)
x *= 2  # same as x = x * 2
print('x =', x)

# examples of logical operators:
if x > 0 and x < 10: 
    print('x is between 0 and 10')

if x < 0 or x > 3:
    print('x is less than 0 or greater than 3')

# example of a list of integers:
number_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print('number_list =', number_list)
# print first item of number_list:
print('number_list[0] =', number_list[0])

# function to determine length of list:
print('number of items:', len(number_list))

# example of list traversal:
for i in range(len(number_list)):
    print(number_list[i])

# examples of list slicing:
print(number_list[0:3])  # first 3 items
print(number_list[:3])  # same as [0:3]
print(number_list[3:])  # slice starting from 3rd item