const int rs =  3;
const int  rw =  4;
const int  en =  5;
const int  d0 =  6;
const int  d1 =  7;
const int  d2 = 8 ;
const int  d3 =  9;
const int  d4 = 10 ;
const int  d5 =  11;
const int  d6 =  12;
const int  d7 =  13;

void printdata(unsigned char data) {
  digitalWrite(d0, (data & 0x01) ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(d1, (data & 0x02) ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(d2, (data & 0x04) ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(d3, (data & 0x08) ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(d4, (data & 0x10) ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(d5, (data & 0x20) ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(d6, (data & 0x40) ? HIGH : LOW);
  digitalWrite(d7, (data & 0x80) ? HIGH : LOW);
}

void lcd_data(unsigned char data){
  // this function is used to tell the lcd to place the data in the data register or in the instruction register when we are passing the character
  // Thats need to be printed on the led
  // so passing the data to data register of the lcd

  printdata(data);
  digitalWrite(rs,HIGH);// we just want to store the data received in the data register of the lcd 
  digitalWrite(rw, LOW); // for writing of the lcd 
  digitalWrite(en, HIGH); // clock signal for the lcd
  delay(2);
  digitalWrite(en, LOW);
}

void lcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd){ // function is used to print the data in a deisred place like where the cursor has to be placed and move the data to the next row like that..
  printdata(cmd);
  digitalWrite(rs, LOW);// if u make the rs as high the data passed to the lcd will be stored DATA REGISTER of the lcd and if u make RS AS LOW the data will be stored in INSTRUCTION REGISTER OF THE LCD
  digitalWrite(rw, LOW);
  digitalWrite(en, HIGH);
  delay(2);
  digitalWrite(en, LOW);
}

void lcd_string(unsigned char str[],unsigned char num){
  // num=length of the string
  unsigned char i;
  for(i=0; i<num; i++){
    lcd_data(str[i]);
  }
}

void lcd_initialise(){
  // initialising the state of the lcd
  //  this is a must function
  lcd_cmd(0x38); //This wil configure the lcd in 16 column and 2 rows format
  lcd_cmd(0x0c); //This will turns of the display and turn off the cursor
  lcd_cmd(0x06); // Incrementing the cursor to the next position when the current element is printed
  lcd_cmd(0x01); // clear screen 
}


void setup() {
  pinMode( rs, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( rw, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( en, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d0, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d5, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d6, OUTPUT);
  pinMode( d7, OUTPUT);
  lcd_initialise();
}

void loop() {
  lcd_cmd(0x80);
  lcd_string("Mathesh",7);
  lcd_cmd(0xc0);
  lcd_string("Varma ",5);

}