#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

"""
I2C LCD Display driver for 1602 and 2004 displays controlled via I2C

LCD data sheet: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/LCD/HD44780.pdf

Ported to MicroPython from
https://github.com/fdebrabander/Arduino-LiquidCrystal-I2C-library
"""

# system packages
from machine import I2C
from time import sleep, sleep_ms, sleep_us

# custom packages
from . import const as Const

# typing not natively supported on MicroPython
from .typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union


class LCD:
    """Driver for the Liquid Crystal LCD displays that use the I2C bus"""

    def __init__(self,
                 addr: int,
                 cols: int,
                 rows: int,
                 charsize: int = 0x00,
                 i2c: Optional[I2C] = None) -> None:
        """
        Constructs a new instance.

        :param      addr:      The LCD I2C bus address
        :type       addr:      int
        :param      cols:      Number of columns of the LCD
        :type       cols:      int
        :param      rows:      Number of rows of the LCD
        :type       rows:      int
        :param      charsize:  The size in dots of the LCD
        :type       charsize:  int
        :param      i2c:       I2C object
        :type       i2c:       I2C
        """
        self._addr: int = addr
        self._cols: int = cols
        self._rows: int = rows
        self._charsize: int = charsize
        self._backlightval: int = Const.LCD_BACKLIGHT
        if i2c is None:
            # default assignment, check the docs
            self._i2c = I2C(0)
        else:
            self._i2c = i2c

        self._display_control: int = 0
        self._display_mode: int = 0
        self._display_function: int = 0
        self._cursor_position: Tuple[int, int] = (0, 0)  # (x, y)

    @property
    def addr(self) -> int:
        """
        Get the LCD I2C bus address

        :returns:   LCD I2C bus address
        :rtype:     int
        """
        return self._addr

    @property
    def cols(self) -> int:
        """
        Get the number of columns of the LCD

        :returns:   Number of columns of the LCD
        :rtype:     int
        """
        return self._cols

    @property
    def rows(self) -> int:
        """
        Get the number of rows of the LCD

        :returns:   Number of rows of the LCD
        :rtype:     int
        """
        return self._rows

    @property
    def charsize(self) -> int:
        """
        Get the size in dots of the LCD

        :returns:   Dot size of the LCD
        :rtype:     int
        """
        return self._charsize

    @property
    def backlightval(self) -> int:
        """
        Get the backlight value

        :returns:   Backlight value of the LCD
        :rtype:     int
        """
        return self._backlightval

    @property
    def cursor_position(self) -> Tuple[int, int]:
        """
        Get the current cursor position

        :returns:   Cursor position as tuple(column, row) as (x, y)
        :rtype:     Tuple[int, int]
        """
        return self._cursor_position

    @cursor_position.setter
    def cursor_position(self, position: Tuple[int, int]) -> None:
        """
        Set the cursor position

        :param      position:  The cursor position
        :type       position:  Tuple[int, int]
        """
        self.set_cursor(col=position[0], row=position[1])   # (x, y)

    def begin(self) -> None:
        """
        Set the LCD display in the correct begin state

        Must be called before anything else is done
        """
        self._display_function = \
            Const.LCD_4BITMODE | Const.LCD_1LINE | Const.LCD_5x8DOTS

        if self.rows > 1:
            self._display_function |= Const.LCD_2LINE

        # for some 1 line displays you can select a 10 pixel high font
        if (self.charsize != 0) and (self.rows == 1):
            self._display_function |= Const.LCD_5x10DOTS

        # SEE PAGE 45/46 FOR INITIALIZATION SPECIFICATION!
        # according to datasheet, we need at least 40ms after power rises
        # above 2.7V before sending commands. Controller can turn on way before
        # 4.5V so we'll wait 50ms
        sleep_ms(50)

        # Now we pull both RS and R/W low to begin commands
        # reset expanderand turn backlight off (Bit 8 =1)
        self._expander_write(value=self.backlightval)
        sleep(1)

        # put the LCD into 4 bit mode
        # this is according to the Hitachi HD44780 datasheet
        # figure 24, page 46

        # we start in 8 bit mode, try to set 4 bit mode
        for _ in range(0, 3):
            self._write_4_bits(value=(0x03 << 4))
            sleep_us(4500)  # wait minimum 4.1ms

        # finally, set to 4 bit interface
        self._write_4_bits(value=(0x02 << 4))

        # set number of lines, font size, etc
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_FUNCTIONSET | self._display_function))

        # turn the display on with no cursor or blinking default
        self._display_control = \
            Const.LCD_DISPLAYON | Const.LCD_CURSOROFF | Const.LCD_BLINKOFF
        self.display()

        # clear it off
        self.clear()

        # Initialize to default text direction (for roman languages)
        self._display_mode = \
            Const.LCD_ENTRYLEFT | Const.LCD_ENTRYSHIFTDECREMENT

        # set the entry mode
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_ENTRYMODESET | self._display_mode))

        self.home()

    def clear(self) -> None:
        """
        Remove all the characters currently shown

        Next print/write operation will start from the first position on LCD
        display.
        """
        # clear display and set cursor position to zero
        self._command(value=Const.LCD_CLEARDISPLAY)
        sleep_ms(2)     # this command takes a long time!
        self._cursor_position = (0, 0)   # (x, y)

    def home(self) -> None:
        """
        Set cursor to home position (0, 0)

        Next print/write operation will start from the first position on the
        LCD display.
        """
        # set cursor position to zero
        self._command(value=Const.LCD_RETURNHOME)
        sleep_ms(2)     # this command takes a long time!
        self._cursor_position = (0, 0)   # (x, y)

    def no_display(self) -> None:
        """
        Turn the display off

        Do not show any characters on the LCD display. Backlight state will
        remain unchanged. Also all characters written on the display will
        return, when the display in enabled again.

        @see display
        """
        self._display_control &= ~Const.LCD_DISPLAYON
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_DISPLAYCONTROL | self._display_control))

    def display(self) -> None:
        """
        Turn the display on

        Show the characters on the LCD display, this is the normal behaviour.
        This method should only be used after no_display() has been used.

        @see no_display
        """
        self._display_control |= Const.LCD_DISPLAYON
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_DISPLAYCONTROL | self._display_control))

    def no_blink(self) -> None:
        """Turn the blinking cursor off"""
        self._display_control &= ~Const.LCD_BLINKON
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_DISPLAYCONTROL | self._display_control))

    def blink(self) -> None:
        """Turn the blinking cursor on"""
        self._display_control |= Const.LCD_BLINKON
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_DISPLAYCONTROL | self._display_control))

    def blink_on(self) -> None:
        """
        Turn on blinking cursor

        @see blink
        """
        self.blink()

    def blink_off(self) -> None:
        """
        Turn off blinking cursor

        @see no_blink
        """
        self.no_blink()

    def no_cursor(self) -> None:
        """Turn the underline cursor off"""
        self._display_control &= ~Const.LCD_CURSORON
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_DISPLAYCONTROL | self._display_control))

    def cursor(self) -> None:
        """
        Turn the underline cursor on

        Cursor can blink or not blink. Use the methods @see blink and
        @see no_blink for changing the cursor blink status.
        """
        self._display_control |= Const.LCD_CURSORON
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_DISPLAYCONTROL | self._display_control))

    def cursor_on(self) -> None:
        """
        Show cursor

        @see cursor
        """
        self.cursor()

    def cursor_off(self) -> None:
        """
        Hide cursor

        @see no_cursor
        """
        self.no_cursor()

    def set_cursor(self, col: int, row: int) -> None:
        """
        Set the cursor

        :param      col:  The new column of the cursor
        :type       col:  int
        :param      row:  The new row of the cursor
        :type       row:  int
        """
        row_offsets: List[int] = [0x00, 0x40, 0x14, 0x54]

        # we count rows starting w/0
        if row > (self.rows - 1):
            row = self.rows - 1

        self._command(
            value=(Const.LCD_SETDDRAMADDR | (col + row_offsets[row]))
        )

        self._cursor_position = (col, row)   # (x, y)

    def scroll_display_left(self) -> None:
        """Scroll the display to the left by one"""
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_CURSORSHIFT | Const.LCD_DISPLAYMOVE | Const.LCD_MOVELEFT))   # noqa: E501

    def scroll_display_right(self) -> None:
        """Scroll the display to the right by one"""
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_CURSORSHIFT | Const.LCD_DISPLAYMOVE | Const.LCD_MOVERIGHT))  # noqa: E501

    def left_to_right(self) -> None:
        """Set text flow left to right"""
        self._display_mode |= Const.LCD_ENTRYLEFT
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_ENTRYMODESET | self._display_mode))

    def right_to_left(self) -> None:
        """Set text flow right to left"""
        self._display_mode &= ~Const.LCD_ENTRYLEFT
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_ENTRYMODESET | self._display_mode))

    def no_backlight(self) -> None:
        """Turn backlight off"""
        self._backlightval = Const.LCD_NOBACKLIGHT
        self._expander_write(value=0)

    def backlight(self) -> None:
        """Turn backlight on"""
        self._backlightval = Const.LCD_BACKLIGHT
        self._expander_write(value=0)

    def set_backlight(self, new_val: Union[int, bool]) -> None:
        """
        Compatibility API functions for backlight

        :param      new_val:  The new backlight value
        :type       new_val:  Union[int, bool]
        """
        if new_val:
            self.backlight()        # turn backlight on
        else:
            self.no_backlight()     # turn backlight off

    def get_backlight(self) -> bool:
        """
        Get the backlight status

        :returns:   The backlight status
        :rtype:     bool
        """
        return self._backlightval == Const.LCD_BACKLIGHT

    def autoscroll(self) -> None:
        """Set text 'right justified' from the cursor"""
        self._display_mode |= Const.LCD_ENTRYSHIFTINCREMENT
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_ENTRYMODESET | self._display_mode))

    def no_autoscroll(self) -> None:
        """Set text 'left justified' from the cursor"""
        self._display_mode &= ~Const.LCD_ENTRYSHIFTINCREMENT
        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_ENTRYMODESET | self._display_mode))

    def create_char(self, location: int, charmap: List[int]) -> None:
        """
        Fill the first 8 CGRAM locations with custom characters

        :param      location:  The location to store the custom character
        :type       location:  int
        :param      charmap:   The charmap aka custom character
        :type       charmap:   List[int]
        """
        location &= 0x7     # we only have 8, locations 0-7

        self._command(value=(Const.LCD_SETCGRAMADDR | location << 3))
        sleep_us(40)

        for x in range(0, 8):
            self._command(value=charmap[x], mode=Const.RS)
            sleep_us(40)

    def print(self, text: str) -> None:
        """
        Print text on LCD

        :param      test: Text to show on the LCD
        :type       text: str
        """
        _cursor_x, _cursor_y = self.cursor_position

        for char in text:
            self._command(value=ord(char), mode=Const.RS)

        self.cursor_position = (_cursor_x + len(text), _cursor_y)

    def _command(self, value: int, mode: int = 0) -> None:
        """
        Send 8 bits command to I2C device

        :param      value:  The value
        :type       value:  int
        """
        high_nib = value & 0xF0
        low_nib = (value << 4) & 0xF0
        self._write_4_bits(value=(high_nib | mode))
        self._write_4_bits(value=(low_nib | mode))

    def _write_4_bits(self, value: int) -> None:
        """
        Write 4 bits to I2C device

        :param      value:  The value to send
        :type       value:  int
        """
        self._expander_write(value=value)
        self._pulse_enable(value=value)

    def _pulse_enable(self, value: int) -> None:
        """
        Pulse Enable (EN) pin

        :param      value:  The value to send
        :type       value:  int
        """
        # Set Enable (EN) pin HIGH, pulse must be >450ns
        self._expander_write(value=(value | Const.EN))
        sleep_us(1)

        # Set Enable (EN) pin LOW, needs >37us to settle
        self._expander_write(value=(value & ~Const.EN))
        sleep_us(50)

    def _expander_write(self, value: int) -> None:
        """
        Write data to I2C device (port expander)

        :param      value:  The value to send
        :type       value:  int
        """
        self._i2c.writeto(self.addr, bytes([value | self._backlightval]))


from machine import I2C, Pin
from time import sleep


# Configuration I2C
i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21), freq=400000)
lcd = LCD(addr=0x27, cols=16, rows=2, i2c=i2c)

# Initialisation et affichage
lcd.begin()
lcd.print("Bonjour ESP32!")
sleep(2)
lcd.clear()
lcd.print("Cours I2C")