#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"

void overflowTask(void *pvParameters) {
    int i = 0;
    char tmp[8] = "Overflo";
    while (1) {
        if (i % 2){
              snprintf(tmp, 8, "%s", "Overflo");
        }else{
              snprintf(tmp, 8, "%s", "Overflow");       
        }
        int len = 8;
        char *buffer = malloc(len);  // allocate 8 bytes on the heap
        if (buffer == NULL) {
            printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
            break;
        }
        // Mistake: Copy a string that is larger than the allocated buffer.

        strcpy(buffer, tmp);  // "Overflow!" is 9 chars + null = 10 bytes, exceeds 8-byte buffer
        printf("Buffer contains: %s\n", buffer);  // Using memory beyond allocation - undefined behavior
        // This buffer overflow can corrupt heap metadata or other variables:contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
        // free(buffer);  // normally we would free, but here memory is likely corrupted by overflow.
        // Fix: Allocate sufficient space or use safe copying:
        // char *buffer = malloc(11); strcpy(buffer, "Overflow!"); // allocate 11 bytes for 10-byte string
        i++;
        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1000));
    }
    vTaskDelete(NULL);
}

void app_main() {
    xTaskCreate(overflowTask, "OverflowTask", 4096, NULL, 1, NULL);
    vTaskDelete(NULL);
}