/*
 * Potentiometer Analog Input with Arduino
 * Features: LED brightness control, servo motor, RGB LED, serial output
 * Demonstrates analog input reading and PWM output
 */

#include <Servo.h>

// Pin definitions
const int POT_PIN = A0;        // Potentiometer connected to A0
const int LED_PIN = 9;         // PWM LED on pin 9
const int LED_RED = 3;         // RGB LED Red
const int LED_GREEN = 5;       // RGB LED Green
const int LED_BLUE = 6;        // RGB LED Blue
const int SERVO_PIN = 10;      // Servo motor pin

// Variables
int potValue = 0;              // Raw potentiometer value (0-1023)
int brightness = 0;            // LED brightness (0-255)
int servoAngle = 0;            // Servo angle (0-180)
float voltage = 0.0;           // Voltage reading (0-5V)
int percentage = 0;            // Percentage (0-100%)

// Servo object
Servo myServo;

// Timing variables
unsigned long lastUpdate = 0;
const int updateInterval = 100; // Update every 100ms

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);
  
  // Configure LED pins as outputs
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED_RED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED_GREEN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED_BLUE, OUTPUT);
  
  // Attach servo
  myServo.attach(SERVO_PIN);
  
  // Startup message
  Serial.println("=================================");
  Serial.println("  Potentiometer Analog Input");
  Serial.println("=================================");
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("Raw\tVoltage\tPercent\tBright\tAngle");
  Serial.println("-----------------------------------------");
  
  // Initial test sequence
  testSequence();
}

void loop() {
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
  
  // Read and process potentiometer value
  readPotentiometer();
  
  // Control outputs based on potentiometer
  controlLED();
  controlRGBLED();
  controlServo();
  
  // Display data on serial monitor
  if (currentMillis - lastUpdate >= updateInterval) {
    lastUpdate = currentMillis;
    displayData();
  }
  
  delay(10); // Small delay for stability
}

// Read potentiometer value and calculate derived values
void readPotentiometer() {
  potValue = analogRead(POT_PIN);
  
  // Calculate voltage (0-5V)
  voltage = potValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
  
  // Calculate percentage (0-100%)
  percentage = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 0, 100);
  
  // Calculate LED brightness (0-255)
  brightness = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  
  // Calculate servo angle (0-180)
  servoAngle = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
}

// Control single LED brightness with PWM
void controlLED() {
  analogWrite(LED_PIN, brightness);
}

// Control RGB LED colors based on potentiometer position
void controlRGBLED() {
  if (potValue < 341) {
    // Range 0-33%: Red
    analogWrite(LED_RED, map(potValue, 0, 341, 0, 255));
    analogWrite(LED_GREEN, 0);
    analogWrite(LED_BLUE, 0);
  } else if (potValue < 682) {
    // Range 34-66%: Green
    analogWrite(LED_RED, 0);
    analogWrite(LED_GREEN, map(potValue, 341, 682, 0, 255));
    analogWrite(LED_BLUE, 0);
  } else {
    // Range 67-100%: Blue
    analogWrite(LED_RED, 0);
    analogWrite(LED_GREEN, 0);
    analogWrite(LED_BLUE, map(potValue, 682, 1023, 0, 255));
  }
}

// Control servo motor position
void controlServo() {
  myServo.write(servoAngle);
}

// Display all values on serial monitor
void displayData() {
  // Tabular format for Serial Monitor
  Serial.print(potValue);
  Serial.print("\t");
  Serial.print(voltage, 2);
  Serial.print("V\t");
  Serial.print(percentage);
  Serial.print("%\t");
  Serial.print(brightness);
  Serial.print("\t");
  Serial.print(servoAngle);
  Serial.print("°");
  Serial.println();
}

// Startup test sequence
void testSequence() {
  Serial.println("Running startup test...");
  
  // Test LED brightness
  for (int i = 0; i <= 255; i += 5) {
    analogWrite(LED_PIN, i);
    delay(10);
  }
  for (int i = 255; i >= 0; i -= 5) {
    analogWrite(LED_PIN, i);
    delay(10);
  }
  
  // Test RGB colors
  analogWrite(LED_RED, 255);
  delay(300);
  analogWrite(LED_RED, 0);
  
  analogWrite(LED_GREEN, 255);
  delay(300);
  analogWrite(LED_GREEN, 0);
  
  analogWrite(LED_BLUE, 255);
  delay(300);
  analogWrite(LED_BLUE, 0);
  
  // Test servo sweep
  for (int angle = 0; angle <= 180; angle += 10) {
    myServo.write(angle);
    delay(20);
  }
  for (int angle = 180; angle >= 0; angle -= 10) {
    myServo.write(angle);
    delay(20);
  }
  
  Serial.println("Test complete! Ready for input.");
  Serial.println();
}