from machine import Pin, ADC, PWM, I2C, time_pulse_us
import dht
import time
import network
import urequests
import json


# =========================================================
# IoT AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM (V4.0 - PICO W)
# =========================================================
# Created by: RAJAS SUDUMBREKAR
#
# Features:
# 1. Soil Moisture Monitoring
# 2. Temperature Monitoring
# 3. Humidity Monitoring
# 4. Rain Detection
# 5. Automatic Irrigation
# 6. Rain-Pump Dependency
# 7. Soil-Pump Dependency
# 8. Water Tank Level Monitoring (Ultrasonic)
# 9. Water Level Safety Lock (Low AND High Level)
# 10. High Temp / High Humidity Alarm
# 11. Exhaust Fan Control (Relay)
# 12. Water Flow Monitoring (Interrupts)
# 13. CO2 Monitoring (Simulated via ADC)
# 14. LCD Display
# 15. Serial Monitoring
# 16. Wi-Fi / IoT Cloud Upload (ThingSpeak/Blynk)
# =========================================================


# =========================================================
# PIN CONFIGURATION
# =========================================================

SOIL_PIN = 26
DHT_PIN = 16

GREEN_LED_PIN = 15
RED_LED_PIN = 14

BUZZER_PIN = 13

RELAY_PIN = 12
PUMP_LED_PIN = 11

# Exhaust Fan
FAN_RELAY_PIN = 10

# Water Flow Sensor
FLOW_SENSOR_PIN = 19

# CO2 Sensor (Simulated via ADC in Wokwi)
CO2_PIN = 27

I2C_SDA = 4
I2C_SCL = 5

# Ultrasonic Sensor Pins
TRIG_PIN = 17
ECHO_PIN = 18


# =========================================================
# I2C ADDRESSES
# =========================================================

LCD_ADDR = 0x27

RAIN_I2C_ADDR = 0x30


# =========================================================
# THRESHOLDS
# =========================================================

MOISTURE_THRESHOLD = 40
RAIN_THRESHOLD = 50

# Environmental Alarm Thresholds
TEMP_THRESHOLD = 35
HUMIDITY_THRESHOLD = 80
CO2_THRESHOLD = 1000  # ppm


# =========================================================
# ULTRASONIC DISTANCE THRESHOLDS (in cm)
# =========================================================
# Distance > 200 cm -> Water is too LOW
# Distance < 50 cm  -> Water is too HIGH
# Distance between 50 and 200 cm -> Normal Operation

DISTANCE_LOW_THRESHOLD = 200.0
DISTANCE_HIGH_THRESHOLD = 50.0


# =========================================================
# WIFI / IOT CONFIGURATION
# =========================================================

# Wokwi provides a virtual Wi-Fi network called Wokwi-GUEST
WIFI_SSID = "Wokwi-GUEST"
WIFI_PASS = ""

# ThingSpeak API (Replace with your own to see data online)
THINGSPEAK_API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY_HERE"
THINGSPEAK_URL = "http://api.thingspeak.com/update"


# =========================================================
# COMPONENT SETUP
# =========================================================

soil_sensor = ADC(SOIL_PIN)


dht_sensor = dht.DHT22(
    Pin(DHT_PIN)
)


green_led = Pin(
    GREEN_LED_PIN,
    Pin.OUT
)


red_led = Pin(
    RED_LED_PIN,
    Pin.OUT
)


buzzer = PWM(
    Pin(BUZZER_PIN)
)

buzzer.duty_u16(0)


relay = Pin(
    RELAY_PIN,
    Pin.OUT
)


pump_led = Pin(
    PUMP_LED_PIN,
    Pin.OUT
)


# Fan Setup
fan_relay = Pin(
    FAN_RELAY_PIN,
    Pin.OUT
)

fan_relay.off()


# Flow Sensor Setup
flow_pin = Pin(
    FLOW_SENSOR_PIN,
    Pin.IN,
    Pin.PULL_UP
)

flow_pulse_count = 0
flow_liters = 0.0
last_flow_time = time.ticks_ms()


# CO2 Sensor Setup (ADC)
co2_sensor = ADC(CO2_PIN)


# Ultrasonic Sensor Setup
trig = Pin(TRIG_PIN, Pin.OUT)
echo = Pin(ECHO_PIN, Pin.IN)


# =========================================================
# I2C SETUP
# =========================================================

i2c = I2C(
    0,
    scl=Pin(I2C_SCL),
    sda=Pin(I2C_SDA),
    freq=400000
)


print("I2C Devices:", i2c.scan())


# =========================================================
# FLOW SENSOR INTERRUPT HANDLER
# =========================================================

def flow_isr(pin):

    global flow_pulse_count

    flow_pulse_count += 1


flow_pin.irq(
    trigger=Pin.IRQ_FALLING,
    handler=flow_isr
)


# =========================================================
# LCD FUNCTIONS
# =========================================================

def lcd_write_byte(data):

    i2c.writeto(
        LCD_ADDR,
        bytes([data])
    )


def lcd_command(cmd):

    high = cmd & 0xF0
    low = (cmd << 4) & 0xF0

    lcd_write_byte(
        high | 0x04
    )

    lcd_write_byte(
        high
    )

    lcd_write_byte(
        low | 0x04
    )

    lcd_write_byte(
        low
    )


def lcd_data(data):

    high = data & 0xF0
    low = (data << 4) & 0xF0

    lcd_write_byte(
        high | 0x05
    )

    lcd_write_byte(
        high | 0x01
    )

    lcd_write_byte(
        low | 0x05
    )

    lcd_write_byte(
        low | 0x01
    )


def lcd_init():

    time.sleep(0.05)

    lcd_command(0x33)
    lcd_command(0x32)
    lcd_command(0x28)
    lcd_command(0x0C)
    lcd_command(0x06)
    lcd_command(0x01)

    time.sleep(0.01)


def lcd_clear():

    lcd_command(0x01)

    time.sleep(0.002)


def lcd_print(text, line):

    if line == 0:
        lcd_command(0x80)

    else:
        lcd_command(0xC0)

    text = str(text)

    text = text[:16]

    for char in text:
        lcd_data(ord(char))

    remaining = 16 - len(text)

    for i in range(remaining):
        lcd_data(ord(" "))


# =========================================================
# BUZZER FUNCTIONS
# =========================================================

def buzzer_off():

    buzzer.duty_u16(0)


def short_beep():

    buzzer.freq(1000)

    buzzer.duty_u16(15000)

    time.sleep(0.2)

    buzzer.duty_u16(0)


def alarm_beep():

    buzzer.freq(2000)

    buzzer.duty_u16(30000)

    time.sleep(0.1)

    buzzer.duty_u16(0)


# =========================================================
# SENSOR READING FUNCTIONS
# =========================================================

def get_soil_moisture():

    raw = soil_sensor.read_u16()

    # 0 ADC      = 100% moisture
    # 65535 ADC  = 0% moisture

    moisture = int(
        (
            (65535 - raw) * 100
            + 32767
        ) / 65535
    )

    if moisture < 0:
        moisture = 0

    if moisture > 100:
        moisture = 100

    return moisture, raw


def get_dht():

    try:

        dht_sensor.measure()

        temperature = (
            dht_sensor.temperature()
        )

        humidity = (
            dht_sensor.humidity()
        )

        return (
            temperature,
            humidity
        )

    except:

        return (
            None,
            None
        )


def get_rain_level():

    try:

        data = i2c.readfrom(
            RAIN_I2C_ADDR,
            1
        )

        rain_level = data[0]

        if rain_level < 0:
            rain_level = 0

        if rain_level > 100:
            rain_level = 100

        return rain_level

    except Exception as e:

        print(
            "Rain Sensor Error:",
            e
        )

        return 0


def get_water_distance():

    trig.value(0)
    time.sleep_us(2)
    trig.value(1)
    time.sleep_us(10)
    trig.value(0)
    
    try:
        pulse_duration = time_pulse_us(
            echo,
            1,
            30000
        )
    except OSError:
        return None 
        
    if pulse_duration < 0:
        return None
        
    distance_cm = (
        pulse_duration * 0.0343
    ) / 2
    
    return round(distance_cm, 1)


def get_co2_level():

    raw = co2_sensor.read_u16()

    # Map 0-65535 to 400-2000 ppm
    co2 = int(
        400 + (raw / 65535) * 1600
    )

    return co2


def calculate_flow():

    global flow_pulse_count
    global flow_liters
    global last_flow_time

    current_time = time.ticks_ms()

    if time.ticks_diff(
        current_time,
        last_flow_time
    ) >= 1000:

        # YF-S401: 5880 pulses = 1 Liter
        flow_liters += (
            flow_pulse_count / 5880.0
        )

        flow_pulse_count = 0

        last_flow_time = current_time

    return round(flow_liters, 3)


# =========================================================
# ACTUATOR CONTROL
# =========================================================

def pump_on():

    relay.on()

    pump_led.on()


def pump_off():

    relay.off()

    pump_led.off()


def fan_on():

    fan_relay.on()


def fan_off():

    fan_relay.off()


# =========================================================
# WIFI CONNECTION
# =========================================================

def connect_wifi():

    wlan = network.WLAN(
        network.STA_IF
    )

    wlan.active(True)

    if not wlan.isconnected():

        print("Connecting to WiFi...")

        wlan.connect(
            WIFI_SSID,
            WIFI_PASS
        )

        timeout = 10

        while not wlan.isconnected() and timeout > 0:

            print("Waiting for connection...")

            time.sleep(1)

            timeout -= 1

    if wlan.isconnected():

        print(
            "WiFi Connected! IP:",
            wlan.ifconfig()[0]
        )

        return True

    else:

        print("WiFi Connection Failed.")

        return False


def send_to_thingspeak(
    temp,
    hum,
    moist,
    co2,
    flow
):

    try:

        url = (
            THINGSPEAK_URL 
            + "?api_key=" 
            + THINGSPEAK_API_KEY
        )

        url += "&field1=" + str(temp)
        url += "&field2=" + str(hum)
        url += "&field3=" + str(moist)
        url += "&field4=" + str(co2)
        url += "&field5=" + str(flow)

        response = urequests.get(url)

        print(
            "ThingSpeak Response:",
            response.text
        )

        response.close()

    except Exception as e:

        print("IoT Upload Error:", e)


# =========================================================
# INITIALIZATION
# =========================================================

green_led.off()

red_led.off()

buzzer_off()

pump_off()

fan_off()


lcd_init()

lcd_clear()


# Connect to Wi-Fi on startup
connect_wifi()


# =========================================================
# STARTUP SEQUENCE
# =========================================================

lcd_print(
    "RAJAS.S",
    0
)

lcd_print(
    "AGRI MONITORING",
    1
)

time.sleep(2)

lcd_clear()


# =========================================================
# SERIAL HEADER
# =========================================================

print()
print("==========================================")
print(" IoT AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM V4.0")
print("==========================================")
print("Created by: RAJAS SUDUMBREKAR")
print("==========================================")

print()

print("--- PIN MAPPING ---")
print("Soil Sensor : GP26")
print("DHT22       : GP16")
print("Rain Sensor : I2C (0x30)")
print("CO2 Sensor  : GP27 (ADC)")
print("Ultrasonic  : TRIG=GP17, ECHO=GP18")
print("Relay/Pump  : GP12")
print("Fan Relay   : GP10")
print("Flow Sensor : GP19")
print("Pump LED    : GP11")
print("Green LED   : GP15")
print("Red LED     : GP14")
print("Buzzer      : GP13")
print("LCD         : SDA=GP4, SCL=GP5")

print()

print("--- THRESHOLDS ---")
print("Moisture Threshold :", MOISTURE_THRESHOLD, "%")
print("Rain Threshold     :", RAIN_THRESHOLD, "%")
print("Water Level Low    :", DISTANCE_LOW_THRESHOLD, "cm")
print("Water Level High   :", DISTANCE_HIGH_THRESHOLD, "cm")
print("Temp Alarm         :", TEMP_THRESHOLD, "C")
print("Humidity Alarm     :", HUMIDITY_THRESHOLD, "%")
print("CO2 Alarm          :", CO2_THRESHOLD, "ppm")

print("==========================================")
print()


# =========================================================
# LCD SCREEN CONTROL VARIABLES
# =========================================================

screen = 0

last_screen_change = time.ticks_ms()

SCREEN_TIME = 3000


# =========================================================
# BUZZER TIMERS
# =========================================================

last_beep = time.ticks_ms()

last_alarm_beep = time.ticks_ms()


# =========================================================
# IOT UPLOAD TIMER
# =========================================================

last_iot_upload = time.ticks_ms()


# =========================================================
# MAIN LOOP
# =========================================================

while True:

    # =====================================================
    # 1. READ ALL SENSORS
    # =====================================================

    moisture, raw_adc = get_soil_moisture()

    temperature, humidity = get_dht()

    rain_level = get_rain_level()

    distance_cm = get_water_distance()

    co2_level = get_co2_level()

    total_flow = calculate_flow()


    # =====================================================
    # 2. ENVIRONMENTAL ALARM LOGIC
    # =====================================================

    high_temp_alarm = False

    high_humidity_alarm = False

    high_co2_alarm = False


    if temperature is not None and temperature > TEMP_THRESHOLD:

        high_temp_alarm = True
        

    if humidity is not None and humidity > HUMIDITY_THRESHOLD:

        high_humidity_alarm = True


    if co2_level is not None and co2_level > CO2_THRESHOLD:

        high_co2_alarm = True


    if high_temp_alarm or high_humidity_alarm or high_co2_alarm:

        current_time = time.ticks_ms()

        if time.ticks_diff(
            current_time,
            last_alarm_beep
        ) >= 500:

            alarm_beep()

            last_alarm_beep = current_time


    # =====================================================
    # 3. EXHAUST FAN CONTROL
    # =====================================================

    if high_temp_alarm or high_humidity_alarm:

        fan_on()

        fan_status = True

    else:

        fan_off()

        fan_status = False


    # =====================================================
    # 4. RAIN DECISION
    # =====================================================

    raining = (
        rain_level >= RAIN_THRESHOLD
    )


    # =====================================================
    # 5. WATER LEVEL STATUS
    # =====================================================

    water_too_low = False

    water_too_high = False


    if distance_cm is not None:

        if distance_cm > DISTANCE_LOW_THRESHOLD:

            water_too_low = True

        elif distance_cm < DISTANCE_HIGH_THRESHOLD:

            water_too_high = True


    # =====================================================
    # 6. PUMP DECISION (WITH SAFETY LOCK)
    # =====================================================

    pump_status = False


    if distance_cm is not None:

        if not water_too_low and not water_too_high:

            if (
                moisture < MOISTURE_THRESHOLD
                or rain_level < RAIN_THRESHOLD
            ):

                pump_on()

                pump_status = True

            else:

                pump_off()

        else:

            pump_off()

    else:

        pump_off()


    # =====================================================
    # 7. SERIAL MONITORING OUTPUT
    # =====================================================

    print("------------------------------------------")

    print(
        "RAJAS SUDUMBREKAR - SYSTEM STATUS"
    )

    print("------------------------------------------")

    print(
        "Soil Moisture :",
        moisture,
        "% (Raw ADC:",
        raw_adc,
        ")"
    )

    print(
        "Rain Level    :",
        rain_level,
        "%"
    )
    

    if distance_cm is not None:

        print(
            "Water Dist    :",
            distance_cm,
            "cm"
        )

    else:

        print(
            "Water Dist    : SENSOR ERROR"
        )
        

    if temperature is not None:

        print(
            "Temperature   :",
            temperature,
            "C"
        )

        print(
            "Humidity      :",
            humidity,
            "%"
        )

    else:

        print(
            "DHT22         : READING ERROR"
        )
        

    if co2_level is not None:

        print(
            "CO2 Level     :",
            co2_level,
            "ppm"
        )

    else:

        print(
            "CO2 Sensor    : READING ERROR"
        )
        

    print(
        "Water Used    :",
        total_flow,
        "Liters"
    )
    

    print("--- STATUS ---")

    print(
        "Rain Status   :",
        "RAIN DETECTED" if raining else "NO RAIN"
    )

    print(
        "Pump Status   :",
        "ON" if pump_status else "OFF"
    )

    print(
        "Fan Status    :",
        "ON" if fan_status else "OFF"
    )
    

    if water_too_low:

        print(
            "PUMP SAFETY   : WATER LEVEL TOO LOW! PUMP LOCKED"
        )

    if water_too_high:

        print(
            "PUMP SAFETY   : WATER LEVEL TOO HIGH! PUMP LOCKED"
        )
        

    if high_temp_alarm:

        print(
            "ALARM         : HIGH TEMPERATURE DETECTED!"
        )

    if high_humidity_alarm:

        print(
            "ALARM         : HIGH HUMIDITY DETECTED!"
        )

    if high_co2_alarm:

        print(
            "ALARM         : HIGH CO2 DETECTED!"
        )
        

    print("------------------------------------------")


    # =====================================================
    # 8. IOT CLOUD UPLOAD (Every 30 seconds)
    # =====================================================

    current_time = time.ticks_ms()

    if time.ticks_diff(
        current_time,
        last_iot_upload
    ) >= 30000:

        send_to_thingspeak(
            temperature,
            humidity,
            moisture,
            co2_level,
            total_flow
        )

        last_iot_upload = current_time


    # =====================================================
    # 9. LCD SCREEN ROTATION
    # =====================================================

    if time.ticks_diff(
        current_time,
        last_screen_change
    ) >= SCREEN_TIME:

        screen += 1

        if screen > 7:
            screen = 0

        last_screen_change = current_time

        lcd_clear()


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 0: SOIL & PUMP
    # =====================================================

    if screen == 0:

        lcd_print(
            "Moist:" + str(moisture) + "%",
            0
        )

        if pump_status:

            lcd_print(
                "PUMP: ON",
                1
            )

        else:

            if water_too_low:

                lcd_print(
                    "PUMP: NO WATER",
                    1
                )

            elif water_too_high:

                lcd_print(
                    "PUMP: TANK FULL",
                    1
                )

            else:

                lcd_print(
                    "PUMP: OFF",
                    1
                )


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 1: TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY
    # =====================================================

    elif screen == 1:

        if temperature is not None:

            lcd_print(
                "Temp:" + str(temperature) + "C",
                0
            )

            lcd_print(
                "Hum:" + str(humidity) + "%",
                1
            )

        else:

            lcd_print(
                "DHT22 ERROR",
                0
            )

            lcd_print(
                "CHECK SENSOR",
                1
            )


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 2: RAIN & PUMP
    # =====================================================

    elif screen == 2:

        lcd_print(
            "Rain:" + str(rain_level) + "%",
            0
        )

        if pump_status:

            lcd_print(
                "PUMP: ON",
                1
            )

        else:

            lcd_print(
                "PUMP: OFF",
                1
            )


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 3: MOISTURE & RAIN
    # =====================================================

    elif screen == 3:

        lcd_print(
            "Moist:" + str(moisture) + "%",
            0
        )

        lcd_print(
            "Rain:" + str(rain_level) + "%",
            1
        )


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 4: WATER TANK LEVEL
    # =====================================================

    elif screen == 4:

        if distance_cm is not None:

            lcd_print(
                "TANK DISTANCE",
                0
            )

            lcd_print(
                str(distance_cm) + " cm",
                1
            )

        else:

            lcd_print(
                "TANK SENSOR",
                0
            )

            lcd_print(
                "ERROR",
                1
            )


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 5: CO2 LEVEL
    # =====================================================

    elif screen == 5:

        if co2_level is not None:

            lcd_print(
                "CO2 LEVEL",
                0
            )

            lcd_print(
                str(co2_level) + " ppm",
                1
            )

        else:

            lcd_print(
                "CO2 SENSOR",
                0
            )

            lcd_print(
                "ERROR",
                1
            )


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 6: WATER FLOW
    # =====================================================

    elif screen == 6:

        lcd_print(
            "WATER USED",
            0
        )

        lcd_print(
            str(total_flow) + " L",
            1
        )


    # =====================================================
    # SCREEN 7: ALARM STATUS
    # =====================================================

    elif screen == 7:

        if high_temp_alarm or high_humidity_alarm or high_co2_alarm:

            lcd_print(
                "!! ALARM !!",
                0
            )

            if high_temp_alarm and high_humidity_alarm:

                lcd_print(
                    "TEMP & HUMID",
                    1
                )

            elif high_temp_alarm:

                lcd_print(
                    "HIGH TEMP",
                    1
                )

            elif high_humidity_alarm:

                lcd_print(
                    "HIGH HUMIDITY",
                    1
                )

            elif high_co2_alarm:

                lcd_print(
                    "HIGH CO2",
                    1
                )

        else:

            lcd_print(
                "SYSTEM NORMAL",
                0
            )

            lcd_print(
                "NO ALARMS",
                1
            )


    # =====================================================
    # LOOP DELAY
    # =====================================================

    time.sleep(1)